Keto lactam compounds and use thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to novel keto lactam compounds, hydrogenated derivatives and tautomers thereof. These compounds have valuable therapeutic properties and are particularly suited for treating diseases that respond to the modulation of the dopamine D 3  receptor. The keto lactams have general formula (I), wherein: (a) represents a group of formulas (b) or (c), wherein D is bound to the nitrogen atom and W, R p  and R q  have the meanings cited in Claim  1 ; —B— represents a bond or (d), wherein R m  and R n  have the meanings cited in Claim  1 ; (e) represents a single bond or a double bond; R v , R w , R x  and R y  have the meanings cited in Claim  1 ; D represents a linear or branched 2 to 10-membered alkylene chain that can have, as chain members, a heteroatom group K, which is selected among O, S, S(O), S(O) 2 , N—R 8 , CO—O, C(O)NR 8  and/or 1 or 2 non-adjacent carbonyl groups and which can have a cycloalkane diyl group and/or a double or triple bond; (f) represents a saturated or monounsaturated monocyclic nitrogen heterocyclic compound having 5 to 8 cyclic members or a bicyclic saturated nitrogen heterocyclic compound having 7 to 12 cyclic members.

The present invention relates to novel keto lactam compounds, hydrogenated derivatives and tautomers thereof. These compounds possess valuable therapeutic properties and are suitable especially for the treatment of diseases which respond to the modulation of the dopamine D₃ receptor.

Neurons obtain their information from sources including G protein-coupled receptors. There are numerous substances which exert their action via these receptors. One of these is dopamine. Confirmed findings about the presence of dopamine and its physiological function as a neurotransmitter have been published. Disturbances in the dopaminergic transmitter system result in diseases of the central nervous system which include, for example, schizophrenia, depression or Parkinson's disease. One possible treatment of these and other diseases is based on the administration of substances which interact with the dopamine receptors.

Up to 1990, two subtypes of dopamine receptors were clearly defined pharmacologically, specifically the D₁ and D₂ receptors. More recently, a third subtype has been found, specifically the D₃ receptor, which appears to mediate some effects of antipsychotics and antiparkinsonian drugs (J. C. Schwartz et al., The Dopamine D₃ Receptor as a Target for Antipsychotics, in Novel Antipsychotic Drugs, H. Y. Meltzer, Ed. Raven Press, New York 1992, pages 135-144; M. Dooley et al., Drugs and Aging 1998, 12, 495-514, J. N. Joyce, Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2001, 90, p. 231-59 “The Dopamine D₃ Receptor as a Therapeutic Target for Antipsychotic and Antiparkinsonian Drugs”).

The dopamine receptors are now divided into two families: firstly the D₂ group consisting of D₂, D₃ and D₄ receptors, secondly the D₁ group consisting of D₁ and D₅ receptors. While D₁ and D₂ receptors are widespread, D₃ receptors, in contrast, appear to be expressed regioselectively. Thus, these receptors are found preferentially in the limbic system, the projection regions of the mesolimbic dopamine system, in particular in the nucleus accumbens, but also in other regions such as the amygdala. Owing to this comparatively regioselective expression, D₃ receptors are considered to be a target with low side effects, and it is assumed that a selective D₃ ligand should have the properties of known antipsychotics but not their dopamine D₂ receptor-mediated neurological side effects (P. Sokoloff et al., Localization and Function of the D₃ Dopamine Receptor, Arzneim. Forsch./Drug Res. 42(1), 224 (1992); P. Sokoloff et al. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Dopamine Receptor (D₃) as a Target for Neuroleptics, Nature, 347, 146 (1990)).

Compounds having dopamine D₃ receptor affinity have been described variously in the prior art, for example, in WO 96/02519, WO 96/02520, WO 96/02249, WO 96/02246, WO 97/25324, WO 00/42036, DE 10131543 and WO 99/02503. Some of these compounds have high affinities for the dopamine D₃ receptor. They are therefore proposed for the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system.

However, there is a fundamental need to provide further compounds with dopamine D₃ receptor affinity, whether it be to improve the pharmacological binding profile or because the prior art compounds cause undesired side effects, have poor cerebral availability or only low bioavailability. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide further compounds which act as selective dopamine D₃ receptor ligands.

This object is achieved by the derivatives of keto lactams which have the general formula I

where

-   -   is a group of the formulae

where D is bonded to the nitrogen atom and where

-   -   R^(p) and R^(q) are each independently selected from hydrogen,         halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,         C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyloxy and optionally substituted         phenyl;     -   W is O, S or an N—R^(z) group where R^(z) is selected from         optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,         C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyloxy and optionally substituted         phenyl     -   and * denotes the bonding sites;

-   —B— is a bond or

where R^(m) and R^(n) are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyloxy and optionally substituted phenyl, or, when the nitrogen in the A group is bonded to B, may also be a carbonyl group, and * denotes the bonding sites;

-   represents a single bond or a double bond; -   R^(v), R^(w) are each independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally     substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,     C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyloxy or     C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl; -   R^(x), R^(y) are each independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally     substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,     C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyloxy or     C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, or     -   R^(x), R^(y) together with the carbon atoms to which they are         bonded, may also form a fused phenyl ring or a fused 5- or         6-membered aromatic heterocycle which has 1, 2, 3 or 4         heteroatoms which are selected from N, O and S, where the fused         phenyl ring and the fused aromatic heterocycle may have 1, 2 or         3 substituents which are selected from optionally substituted         C₁-C₆-alkyl, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁴, SO₂NR²R³, CONR²R³,         COOR⁵, COR⁶, C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl,         C₂-C₆-alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆-alkynyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,         C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy and halogen; where     -   R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, optionally         substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, where         R³ may also be a COR⁷ group where R⁷ is hydrogen, optionally         substituted C₁-C₄-alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, where         R² with R³ may also together form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated         or unsaturated carbocycle which may have a heteroatom selected         from O, S and NR⁸ as a ring member, where R⁸ is hydrogen or         C₁-C₄-alkyl, -   D is a linear or branched 2- to 10-membered alkylene chain which may     have, as chain members, a heteroatom group K which is selected from     O, S, S(O), S(O)₂, N—R⁸, CO—O, C(O)NR⁸, and/or 1 or 2 nonadjacent     carbonyl groups and which may include a cycloalkanediyl group and/or     may have a double or triple bond;

-   -   is a saturated or monounsaturated, monocyclic nitrogen         heterocycle having from 5 to 8 ring members or a bicyclic         saturated nitrogen heterocycle having from 7 to 12 ring members,         where the mono- and the bicyclic nitrogen heterocycle optionally         has, as a ring member, a further heteroatom selected from         oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, where the mono- or bicyclic nitrogen         heterocycle may be unsubstituted or bears an R^(a) radical,         where     -   R^(a) is C₁-C₁₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₁-C₁₀-alkoxycarbonyl,         C₁-C₁₀-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₁₀-alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₁₀-cyanoalkyl,         C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl,         C₃-C₁₀-heterocycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkylcarbonyl,         C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl, phenylcarbonyl,         phenylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl, phenoxycarbonyl,         phenyl-C₁-C₁₀-alkyloxycarbonyl, 3- to 8-membered         heterocyclylcarbonyl or 3- to 8-membered         heterocyclylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl, where heterocyclyl in the         aforementioned radicals may have one, two or three heteroatoms         selected from S, O and N, and         -   where the last 6 radicals may have, on the heterocycle or on             the phenyl ring, 1, 2 or 3 substituents R^(b) which are each             independently selected from optionally substituted             C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl,             C₄-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl and C₆-C₁₀-tricycloalkyl, where the last             three groups may optionally be substituted by halogen or             C₁-C₄-alkyl, halogen, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁵,             CONR²R³, SO₂NR²R³, COOR⁵, COR⁶, O—COR⁶, 5- or 6-membered             heterocyclyl having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S             and N, and phenyl, where phenyl and heterocyclyl in the last             two substituents R^(b) may optionally bear one or two             substituents which are each independently selected from             C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and             halogen, and where 2 substituents R^(b) bonded to adjacent             carbon atoms of the and halogen, and where 2 substituents             R^(b) bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of the aromatic             radical may together be C₃- or C₄-alkylene, or, together             with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, may be a             fused-on, unsaturated 5- or 6-membered carbocycle or a 5- or             6-membered heterocycle having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms as ring             members; or     -   R^(a) is an E-Ar group wherein E is a bond or linear or branched         alkylene having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and in particular         (CH₂)_(p) where p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and Ar is selected from         phenyl, naphthyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl which has one,         two or three heteroatoms selected from S, O and N as ring         members and which may optionally have 1, 2 or 3 of the         aforementioned substituents R^(b); or

-   -   is a saturated monocyclic nitrogen heterocycle having from 5 to         7 ring atoms which bears a fused-on benzene ring of the formula

-   -   where * denotes the bonding sites to the saturated monocyclic         heterocycle; R^(c) may be the same or different and is as         defined for R^(b), and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;     -   where

may optionally also have 1, 2, 3 or 4 further C₁-C₄-alkyl groups as substituents; the physiologically acceptable acid addition salts of this compound and the tautomer of the formula I′

where R is halogen, an O—R¹ group where R¹ is as defined above, or an O—C(O)R⁹ group where R⁹ is hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, benzyl or phenyl, where the last two radicals are optionally substituted by one or two radicals which are each independently selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, OH, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl or halogen, and the physiologically acceptable acid addition salts of the tautomer I′.

The present invention therefore provides the compounds of the general formula I, the tautomers of the formula I′ and the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts of the compounds I and their tautomers I′.

The present invention also provides for the use of compounds of the general formula I, the tautomers of the formula I′ and the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts of the compounds I and their tautomers I′ for producing a pharmaceutical composition for treating diseases which respond to the influence of dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists or agonists.

The diseases which respond to the influence of dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists or agonists include in particular disorders and diseases of the central nervous system, especially affective disorders, neurotic disorders, stress disorders and somatoform disorders and psychoses, specifically schizophrenia and depression and also renal function disorders, especially renal function disorders caused by diabetes mellitus (see WO 00/67847).

According to the invention, the aforementioned indications are treated by using at least one compound of the general formula I, a tautomer of the general formula I′ or a physiologically tolerated acid addition salt of a compound I or of a tautomer I′. When the compounds of the formula I or their tautomers I′ have one or more centers of asymmetry, it is also possible to employ mixtures of enantiomers, especially racemates, mixtures of diastereomers, mixtures of tautomers, but preferably the particular substantially pure enantiomers, diastereomers and tautomers.

It is likewise possible to use physiologically tolerated salts of the compounds of the formula I and of the tautomers I′, in particular acid addition salts with physiologically tolerated acids. Examples of useful physiologically tolerated organic and inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, C₁-C₄-alkylsulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acids such as benzenesulfonic acid and toluenesulfonic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, adipic acid and benzoic acid. Further acids which can be used are described in Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung, volume 10, pages 224 ff., Birkhäuser Verlag, Basle and Stuttgart, 1966.

Halogen here and hereinafter is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

C_(n)-C_(m)-alkyl (including in radicals such as alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthio, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylcarbonyl, etc.) is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having n to m carbon atoms, for example 1 to 6 and especially 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of an alkyl group are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl and the like.

The expression “optionally substituted C_(n)-C_(m)-alkyl” represents an alkyl radical which has from n to m carbon atoms, which may be partly or fully substituted by halogen, in particular by chlorine or fluorine, and which may have one or more, for example 1, 2 or 3, non-halogen substituents which are selected from halogen, CN, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₇-heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, OR¹¹, COOR¹¹, NR¹²R¹³, SO₂NR¹²R¹³, CONR¹²R¹³, O—CONR¹²R¹³, S—R¹⁴, SOR¹⁵, SO₂R¹⁵, OCOR¹⁶ and COR¹⁶. In these, R¹¹ is as defined for R¹, R¹² is as defined for R², R¹³ is as defined for R³, R¹⁴ is as defined for R⁴, R¹⁵ is as defined for R⁵ and R¹⁶ is as defined for R⁶. In particular, R¹¹-R¹⁶ are hydrogen, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted benzyl or optionally substituted phenyl. Preferred substituents on alkyl are selected from OH, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, halogen, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl and optionally substituted phenyl. In the case of OH, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl and phenyl there is in particular only one substituent. Such radicals are also referred to hereinafter as C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₁-C₆-alkyl such as methoxymethyl, 1- or 2-methoxyethyl, 1-methoxy-1-methylethyl or 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl, 1-, 2- or 3-methoxypropyl, ethoxymethyl, 1- or 2-ethoxyethyl, hydroxy-C₁-C₆-alkyl, 1-hydroxymethyl, 1- or 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, 1-, 2- or 3-hydroxypropyl etc., C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₆-alkyl such as cyclopropylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl or phenyl-C₁-C₆-alkyl. In the case of halogen substituents, these radicals are also referred to as haloalkyl.

C₁-C₆-Haloalkyl (including in radicals such as C₁-C₆-haloalkoxy) represents an alkyl group which has 1 to 6 and in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined above, in which all or some, for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms, in particular by chlorine or fluorine. Preferred haloalkyl is C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl or C₁-C₂-fluorochloroalkyl, in particular CF₃, CHF₂, CF₂Cl, CH₂F, CH₂CF₃.

C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, including in radicals such as cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl and cycloalkylcarbonylalkyl, represents a cycloaliphatic radical having 3 to 10 and preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.

C₃-C₁₀-Heterocycloalkyl, including in radicals such as heterocycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkylcarbonyl and heterocycloalkylcarbonylalkyl, represents a saturated heterocyclic radical having ring members, where 1, 2 or 3 ring members are a heteroatom selected from N, O and S, such as oxiranyl, oxetanyl, aziranyl, azetanyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or morpholinyl.

C₄-C₁₀-Bicycloalkyl represents a bicycloaliphatic radical having 4 to 10 carbon atoms as in bicyclo[2.1.0]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptanyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanyl, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl and bicyclo[4.4.0]decyl.

C₆-C₁₀-Tricycloalkyl represents a tricycloaliphatic radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms as in adamantyl.

C₂-C₆-alkenyl represents a monounsaturated linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, for example vinyl, allyl (2-propen-1-yl), 1-propen-1-yl, 2-propen-2-yl, methallyl (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl) and the like. C₃-C₄-alkenyl is in particular allyl, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl, 2-buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, methallyl, 2-penten-1-yl, 3-penten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-yl, 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-yl.

C₂-C₆-Haloalkenyl represents an alkenyl group as defined above, in which all or some, for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms, in particular by chlorine or fluorine.

C₂-C₆-alkynyl represents a hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms and having a triple bond, for example propargyl (2-propyn-1-yl), 1-methylprop-2-yn-1-yl, 2-butyn-1-yl, 3-butyn-1-yl, 2-pentyn-1-yl, 1-pentyn-3-yl, etc.

C₂-C₆-Haloalkynyl represents an alkenyl group as defined above, in which all or some, for example 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms, in particular by chlorine or fluorine.

phenyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl represents a C₁-C₄-alkyl radical as defined above, in which a hydrogen atom is replaced by a phenyl radical, as in benzyl or 2-phenylethyl.

Optionally substituted phenyl represents phenyl that optionally has one or more, for example 1, 2 or 3, of the following substituents: halogen, nitro, cyano, optionally substituted C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, OR²¹, COOR²¹, NR²²R²³, SO₂NR²²R²³, CONR²²R²³, O—CONR²²R²³, S—R²⁴, SOR²⁵, SO₂R²⁵, OCOR²⁶ and COR²⁶. Examples of suitable substituents on phenyl are in particular halogen, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, hydroxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, hydroxy, nitro, NH₂, cyano, COOH, C₁-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylamino, di(C₁-C₄-alkyl)amino, C₁-C₄-alkylsulfonyl, C₁-C₄-alkylsulfonylamino and/or C₁-C₄-alkylaminosulfonyl. In these, R²¹ is as defined for R¹, R²² is as defined for R², R²³ is as defined for R³, R²⁴ is as defined for R⁴, R²⁵ is as defined for R⁵, and R²⁶ is as defined for R⁶. In particular, R²¹-R²⁶ are hydrogen, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl, optionally substituted benzyl or optionally substituted phenyl.

The term “alkylene” encompasses in principle straight-chain or branched radicals having preferably from 2 to 10 and more preferably from 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as prop-1,2-ylene, prop-1,3-ylene, but-1,2-ylene, but-1,3-ylene, but-1,4-ylene, 2-methylprop-1,3-ylene, pent-1,2-ylene, pent-1,3-ylene, pent-1,4-ylene, pent-1,5-ylene, pent-2,3-ylene, pent-2,4-ylene, 1-methylbut-1,4-ylene, 2-methylbut-1,4-ylene, hex-1,3-ylene, hex-2,4-ylene, hex-1,4-ylene, hex-1,5-ylene, hex-1,6-ylene and the like. C₀-alkylene represents a single bond, C₁-alkylene represents methylene and C₂-alkylene represents 1,1-ethylene or 1,2-ethylene.

The term 3 to 8 membered heterocyclyl encompasses saturated (=heterocycloalkyl), partly unsaturated heterocyclic radicals and aromatic heterocycles (heteroaryl) of ring size 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, in particular of ring size 5 or 6, having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms as ring members. The heteroatoms in this case are selected from O, S and N.

Examples of saturated 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl are oxiranyl, oxetanyl, aziranyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, dioxolanyl, dioxanyl, hexahydroazepinyl, hexyhydrooxepinyl, and hexahydrothiepinyl.

Examples of partly unsaturated 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl are di- and tetrahydropyridinyl, pyrrolinyl, oxazolinyl, dihydrofuryl, tetrahydroazepinyl, tetrahydrooxepinyl, and tetrahydrothiepinyl.

Examples of 5-membered heteroaromatic radicals (=5-membered heteroaryl) are those having 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms as ring members which are selected independently of one another from O, N and S, for example pyrrole, thiophene, furan, oxazole, isoxazole, selected from O, N and S, for example pyrrole, thiophene, furan, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-triazole, tetrazole. Examples of 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals (=6-membered heteroaryl) having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms as ring members are in particular 2-, 3- or 4-pyridinyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, 2- or 3-pyrazinyl and 3- or 4-pyridazinyl. The 6-membered heteroaromatic radicals may have the substituents specified above and/or be fused with a nonaromatic or aromatic carbocycle, in particular a benzene or cyclohexene ring as in benzo[b]pyridine (=quinoline), benzo[c]pyridine(isoquinoline), benzo[b]pyrimidine(quinazoline), cinnoline, phthalazine or quinoxaline. In the 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic Ar radicals, the bonding to the (CH₂)_(p) group is preferably via a carbon atom.

In connection with the D group, the two bonding sites of the alkylene chain are generally not on the same carbon atom but rather form, optionally together with the heteroatom group K and/or the carbonyl group, an at least two-, preferably at least three- and in particular at least four-membered chain which separates the nitrogen atom in the A group from the nitrogen atom of the nitrogen heterocycle NZ by at least 3, preferably by at least 4 and in particular by at least 5 bonds from one another. When D has no carbonyl group and no heteroatom group K, D comprises preferably from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular from 4 to 8 carbon atoms and more preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms as chain members. The chain between the atom A and the nitrogen atom of NZ then has at least 3 and in particular at least 4 carbon atoms. When D has a carbonyl group or a heteroatom group K, D comprises, in addition to these groups, generally from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and especially from 3 to 5 carbon atoms as chain members. The number of chain members including the K group and/or the carbonyl group is selected such that the nitrogen atom in the A group is separated from the nitrogen atom of the nitrogen heterocycle NZ by at least 3, preferably by at least 4 and in particular by at least 5 bonds from one another. Moreover, the saturated C—C bonds in alkylene may be replaced by unsaturated bonds (alkenylene; alkynylene). Thus, straight-chain or branched unsaturated radicals can arise, whose number and arrangement of the carbon atoms corresponds to that of the aforementioned alkylene radicals, except that one or more single bonds have been replaced by corresponding unsaturated double or triple bonds. Also, D may comprise a cycloalkanediyl radical, preferably a C₃-C₇-cycloalkanediyl radical, in particular a C₄-C₇-cycloalkane-1,2-, -1,3- or -1,4-diyl radical, for example cyclopropane-1,2-diyl, cyclobutane-1,2- or -1,3-diyl, cyclopentane-1,2- or -1,3-diyl, cyclohexane-1,2-, -1,3- or -1,4-diyl radical, or a cycloheptane-1,2-, -1,3- or 1,4-diyl radical. This cycloalkanediyl radical is part of the chain D. In other words, some of the cycloalkanediyl radicals form the chain D with the remaining chain members, the smaller part of the cycloalkanediyl radical being crucial with regard to the separation of the nitrogen atoms into B and NZ.

When the alkylene group in D comprises at least one heteroatom, a heteroatom group K and/or a carbonyl group, these may be arranged in any position in the alkylene chain. The heteroatom is preferably not bonded to the nitrogen atom of the A group or to the nitrogen atom of NZ. A carbonyl group is preferably bonded to the nitrogen atom of the A group or to the nitrogen atom of the NZ group.

Examples of suitable D groups are: (CH₂)_(k) where k=2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, CH(CH₃)(CH₂)_(l) with l=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, CH₂CH(CH₃)(CH₂)_(k)′ with k′=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, cis- and trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂, CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH═CHCH₂, CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)═CHCH₂, CH₂C(═CH₂)CH₂, CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂, C(O)(CH₂)_(l), C(O)—CH₂CH═CHCH₂, C(O)—CH₂C(CH₃)═CHCH₂, C(O)—CH₂C(═CH₂)CH₂, C(O)—CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂,

CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂, CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, C(O)O—CH₂, C(O)O—CH₂CH₂, C(O)—O—CH₂CH₂CH₂, C(O)—O—CH₂CH═CHCH₂, C(O)—O—CH₂C(CH₃)═CHCH₂, C(O)—O—CH₂C(═CH₂)CH₂, C(O)—O—CH(CH₃)CH₂ and C(O)—O—CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂.

With regard to the use of the inventive compounds as dopamine D₃ receptor ligands, particular preference is given to those compounds I where D in formula I or I′ is C₃-C₁₀-alkylene, in particular C₄-C₈-alkylene and especially C₄-C₆-alkylene, which may have a double bond, or C(O)C₂-C₉-alkylene, in particular C(O)C₃-C₈-alkylene and especially C(O)C₃-C₅-alkylene, which may have a double bond. In particular, D is a (CH₂)_(k) group or a C(O)(CH₂)_(l), where k and l are each independently as defined above and are in particular each an integer from 3 to 8. More preferably, k is 4, 5 or 6 and l is 3, 4 or 5.

When A is a

group or B is a carbonyl group, D is preferably C₃-C₁₀-alkylene, in particular C₄-C₈-alkylene and especially C₄-C₆-alkylene, which may have a double bond, especially C₄-C₆-alkylene which may have a double bond, and especially (CH₂)_(k) where k is as defined above, in particular as defined above with preference.

W is in particular oxygen.

When A is

D is preferably a C(O)C₂-C₉-alkylene group, in particular C(O)C₃-C₈-alkylene, which may have a double bond. In particular D is a C(O)(CH₂)_(l), where l is as defined above and is in particular 3, 4 or 5.

In a first embodiment of the invention, B in the formulae I and I′ is a carbonyl group or a CR^(m)R^(n) group, where R^(m) and R^(n) are each as defined above and are in particular hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl. In particular, at least one of the R^(m) or R^(n) radicals and especially both R^(m) and R^(n) radicals are hydrogen.

In a second embodiment of the invention, B in the formulae I and I′ is a bond.

With regard to the use of the inventive compounds I and I′ as dopamine D₃ receptor ligands, preference is given to those compounds I and I′ where the nitrogen atom of the A group is joined to the carbon atom which bears the R^(x) group.

In particular, A is a group of the formula

When A is a group of the formula

R^(p) and R^(q) are each independently in particular hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl. In particular, at least one of the R^(p) or R^(q) radicals and especially both R^(p) and R^(q) radicals are hydrogen.

The R^(v) and R^(w) radicals are each independently hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl. In particular, at least one of the R^(v) or R^(w) radicals and especially both R^(v) and R^(w) radicals are hydrogen.

Among the compounds of the formula I, preference is given to those compounds where R^(x) and R^(y), together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, are a fused benzene ring or a fused 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle which has 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms which are selected from N, O and S, where the fused phenyl ring and the fused aromatic heterocycle may have 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁴, SO₂NR²R³, CONR²R³, COOR⁵, COR⁶, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆-alkynyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl and halogen; where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently as defined above. Preferred substituents are C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy and halogen. Among these, preference is given in particular to those compounds of the formula I where R^(x) and R^(y), together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, are a fused benzene ring optionally substituted in the manner described above.

In another embodiment of the invention, R^(x) and R^(y) are each independently hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl which is optionally substituted by OH, halogen, CN, C₁-C₄-alkoxy or optionally substituted phenyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl or C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, and in particular hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl. In that case, the bond

is in particular a single bond.

The groups of the formula

also referred to hereinafter as NZ, are a saturated or monounsaturated, mono- or bicyclic nitrogen heterocycle which optionally comprises a further heteroatom which is selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur as a ring member. In the case of the bicyclic groups NZ, the two rings forming the bicyclic system are typically each independently 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered, the total number of ring members being in the range from 7 to 12. The NZ group may have an R^(a) group or a fused-on benzene ring which may in turn be substituted in the manner described above. In addition, NZ may be a one, two, three or four further C₁-C₄-alkyl groups, in particular methyl groups.

Examples of suitable NZ groups are the mono- and bicyclic radicals NZ-1 to NZ-24 specified below.

In the NZ-1 to NZ-24 radicals, R^(a′) is hydrogen or is as defined above for R^(a). The variable q is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, in particular 0 or 1, and Alk is an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Among the NZ radicals, preference is given to monocyclic radicals.

When R^(a′) is an R^(a) radical other than hydrogen, R^(a) in the radicals NZ-3 to NZ-5 and NZ-7 to NZ-15 is arranged in the 4- or in the 5-position based on the nitrogen atom which is bonded to D. In the bicyclic radicals NZ-16 to NZ-24, when q≠0, Alk may be arranged on one or both of the rings.

With regard to the use of the inventive compounds for modulating the dopamine D₃ receptor, preference is given to those compounds where NZ has an R^(a) group, and among these in particular monocyclic NZ radicals which have an R^(a) group.

With regard to the use of the inventive compounds as dopamine D₃ receptor ligands, particular preference is given to those compounds I where the NZ group, as an R^(a) radical, has an E-Ar radical and in particular a (CH₂)_(p)—Ar radical. In these, Ar and E are each as defined above, and p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 and in particular 0 or 1.

Among the inventive compounds I and I′ in which the NZ group has, as the R^(a) radical, a group of the formula (CH₂)_(p)—Ar, preference is given in particular to those compounds where p=0 and Ar is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl or s-triazinyl, which have 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned R^(b) radicals. In particular, Ar is then a radical of the formula Ar-1

where the variables D¹ to D³ are each independently N, CH or C—R^(b). In this, Rb has one of the definitions specified above. R^(f) and R^(g) are each independently hydrogen or have one of the definitions specified for R^(b).

In a first preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the variables D¹ to D³ in formula Ar-1 is N and the remaining variables are each CH, where one of the variables D¹ to D³ may also be C—R^(b) when one of the variables R^(f) is hydrogen. Among these, preference is given to compounds I and I′ where D¹, and especially D¹ and D², are nitrogen and the remaining variables are each CH. In this embodiment, R^(f) and R^(g) are preferably each independently the following groups: hydrogen, OR¹, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl which is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, halogen or phenyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₀-tricycloalkyl, where the last three groups may optionally be substituted by halogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl, halogen, CN, OR¹, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, and phenyl, where phenyl and heterocyclyl optionally bear one or two substituents which are each independently selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen. R^(x) is preferably different from hydrogen. In particular, both R^(f) and R^(g) are different from hydrogen. In particular, R^(f) is C₁-C₆-alkyl, more preferably branched C₃-C₆-alkyl and especially tert-butyl. R^(g) is is preferably selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl and C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl. More preferably, R^(f) and R^(g) both have the definitions specified as preferred.

In another embodiment of the invention, all variables D¹ to D³ in Ar-1 are CH or a C—R^(b) group. In this embodiment, R^(f), R^(g) and R^(b) are each preferably selected from hydrogen, OR¹, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl which is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, halogen or phenyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₀-tricycloalkyl, where the last three groups may optionally be substituted by halogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl, halogen, CN, OR¹, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, and phenyl, where phenyl and heterocyclyl optionally bear one or two substituents which are each independently selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen. In that case, Ar-1 more preferably has at least one substituent other than hydrogen. In this case, preferred substituents other than hydrogen are selected from halogen, especially chlorine or fluorine, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy and CN. In a particularly preferred embodiment, Ar-1 is then 2,3-dichlorophenyl.

Among the inventive compounds I and I′, in which the NZ group has an R^(a) radical of the formula (CH₂)_(p)—Ar, preference is further given to those compounds where p=1 and Ar is as defined above. In particular, Ar is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1-oxa-3,4-diazolyl or 1-thia-3,4-diazolyl, which are unsubstituted or may have 1, 2 or 3 of the abovementioned R^(b) radicals. In that case, Ar is especially phenyl, pyridyl, thiadiazolyl, thienyl or imidazolyl, which may have 1, 2 or 3 of the abovementioned R^(b) radicals. In that case, preferred R^(b) radicals are in particular halogen, especially chlorine or fluorine, nitro, cyano, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl and/or C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy.

In the compounds I in which NZ bears a radical of the formula E-Ar, Ar, when it is phenyl, or a heteroaromatic radical, may also be fused with an aromatic or heteroaromatic 5- or 6-membered cyclic system of the type mentioned above, for example with a 5- or 6-membered aromatic or nonaromatic heterocycle which has 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, for example with pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, furan, thiophene, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, 1,4-dioxane, 1,4-oxazinane or 1,3-dioxolane, such as in quinoline, isoquinoline, 4H-quinolizine, 1,5-, 1,6-, 1,7-, 1,8-, 2,6- or 2,7-naphthyridine, indole, indolizine, 1- or 2-benzofuran, 1- or 2-benzothiophene, 1,3-benzoxazole, benzo[1,2-b and 1,2-c]oxazole, 1,3-benzothiazole, 1,3-benzimidazole, benzo[1,2-b and 1,2-c]isothiazole, quinazoline, chromene, chroman, 1,4-benzopiperazine, 1- or 2-benzopiperidine, benzo[1,4-b]oxazinane, benzo[1,3-b]dioxolane or benzo[1,4-b]dioxane. Phenyl and the aromatic heterocycles, especially phenyl and pyridyl, may also be fused with a 5 or 6-membered carbocycle, for example with benzene, cyclohex(adi)ene, cylopent(adi)ene, such as in naphthalene, indane, indene, quinoline, isoquinoline, di- or tetrahydronaphthalene. In such radicals, the bonding of Ar is via the phenyl, pyridyl or pyrimidinyl moiety of the bicyclic radical.

Preference is likewise given to R^(a) groups which are selected from nonaromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular C₁-C₁₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₁₀-heterocycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl and C₃-C₁₀-heterocycloalkylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl. C₃-C₁₀-Cycloalkyl is then in particular cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. The same applies to the C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl and C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl radicals. C₃-C₁₀-Heterocycloalkyl is then in particular tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or morpholinyl. The same applies to the C₃-C₁₀-heterocycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl and C₃-C₁₀-heterocycloalkylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl radicals. In this embodiment, particular preference is given to compounds where R^(a) is C₁-C₄-alkyl.

In particular, the NZ radicals obey the formula:

where

-   R^(a) is as defined above and in particular as defined above with     preference; -   J is CH₂, CH₂—CH₂ or CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, and in particular CH₂—CH₂; -   X is CH or N and -   Y is CH₂, CH₂—CH₂ or CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, or Y—X together are CH═C or     CH₂—CH═C, preference being given to those radicals where X is N; -   R^(e) is hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl and in particular hydrogen.

Examples of such radicals are the aforementioned NZ-1, NZ-3 to NZ-15 radicals, among which particular preference is given to the NZ-3, NZ-4 and NZ-5 radicals. Most preferably, NZ is the NZ-5 radical.

In a first preferred embodiment of the invention, NZ is a radical of the formula NZ-A

where J, X, Y, R^(e) and Ar are each as defined above and in particular as defined above with preference, and Ar is in particular Ar-1.

In a second preferred embodiment of the invention, NZ is a radical of the formula NZ-B

where J, X, Y, R^(e) and Ar are each as defined above and in particular as defined above with preference. In particular, Ar is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1-oxa-3,4-diazolyl or 1-thia-3,4-diazolyl, which are unsubstituted or may have 1, 2 or 3 of the abovementioned R^(b) radicals. Ar is then especially phenyl, pyridyl, thienyl or imidazolyl, which may have 1, 2 or 3 of the abovementioned R^(b) radicals. Preferred R^(b) are then in particular halogen, especially chlorine or fluorine, nitro, cyano, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl and/or C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, NZ is a radical of the formula NZ-C

where R^(e), J, X and Y are each as defined above and R^(aa) is a nonaromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, in particular C₁-C₁₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₃-C₁₀-heterocycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl or C₃-C₁₀-heterocycloalkylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl. C₃-C₁₀-Cycloalkyl is then in particular cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. The same applies to the C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl and C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl radicals. C₃-C₁₀-Heterocycloalkyl is then in particular tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or morpholinyl. The same applies to the C₃-C₁₀-heterocycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl and C₃-C₁₀-heterocycloalkylcarbonyl-C₁-C₄-alkyl radicals. In this embodiment, particular preference is given to compounds where R^(a) is C₁-C₄-alkyl.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the NZ group bears a fused-on benzene ring of the formula

In this formula, n is preferably 1 or 2. R^(a) is preferably as defined for R^(b) and is in particular C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁴, SO₂NR²R³, COOR⁵, COR⁶, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen and especially C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, CN, COR⁶, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen.

In particular, the NZ group is then a radical of the formula NZ-D

where n and R^(c) are each as defined above, J′ is CH₂ or CH₂—CH₂; Y′ is a bond or CH₂ and R^(e) is hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl.

In the compounds of the formula I, the group of the formula

is preferably one of the A or B groups specified below:

In formula A, the variables A and B are each as defined above, in particular as defined above with preference. In particular, the variable A in formula A is N—C(O), where the carbon atom is bonded to the variable B. B in formula A is in particular CH₂. The variable m is 0, 1, 2 or 3, in particular 0 or 1. R^(d) is independently C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁴, SO₂NR²R³, CONR²R³, COOR⁵, COR⁶, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₅-alkynyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆-alkynyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl or halogen, and is in particular selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen. Compounds of the general formula I or their tautomers I′ which have an A group are also referred to hereinafter as compounds I-A or I-A′.

In Formula B, R^(x1) and R^(y1) are each independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyloxy or C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, and in particular hydrogen or alkyl. Compounds of the general formula I or their tautomers I′ which have a B group are also referred to hereinafter as compounds I-B or I-B′.

Among the groups of the formulae A, mention should be made in particular of the A1, A2 and A3 groups:

In the formulae A1, A2 and A3, the variables m and R^(d) are each as defined above, in particular as defined above with preference. In formula A1, R^(m) and R^(n) are each as defined above and in particular as defined above with preference. In particular, at least one of the R^(m) or R^(n) radicals and especially both R^(m) and R^(n) radicals are hydrogen. B′ is CR^(p)R^(q) or CO, where R^(p) and R^(q) are each as defined above and in particular as defined above with preference. In particular, B′ is CO. In formula A3, B is as defined above and is in particular CO or CH₂. Among the compounds IA or the tautomers IA′, preference is given in particular to those compounds which have, as the A group, a group of the formula A1 or A2.

Among the compounds of the formula IA, a preferred embodiment relates to compounds of the formula I-Aa defined below and its tautomers I-Aa′:

In the formulae I-Aa and I-Aa′, A, B, D, m, J, X, Y, R, R^(a) and R^(d) are each as defined above and in particular as defined above with preference.

In particular, J in the formulae I-Aa and I-Aa′ is CH₂—CH₂. The variable X in the formulae I-Aa and I-Aa′ is in particular N, and Y is in particular CH₂.

Among the compounds I-Aa and I-Aa′, particular preference is given to those where D is a (CH₂)_(k) or a C(O)(CH₂)_(l) group, where and l are each as defined above, where k is in particular 4, 5 or 6 and l is in particular 3, 4 or 5.

Among the compounds I-Aa and I-Aa′, particular preference is given to those where A is N—C(O), where the carbon atom is bonded to the variable B.

Among the compounds I-Aa and I-Aa′, particular preference is given to those where B is CH₂.

Among the compounds I-Aa and I-Aa′, particular preference is given to those where R^(a) is an E-A group and in particular (CH₂)_(p)—Ar, where E, p and Ar are each as defined above, where, in particular, p=0 or 1.

When p=0, Ar is in particular as defined in connection with the NZ-A group. When p=1, Ar is in particular as defined in connection with the NZ-B group. Among the compounds pounds I-Aa and I-Aa′, preference is further given to those where R^(a) is a nonaromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms. R^(a) is then in particular as defined for R^(aa) in the NZ-C group.

Among the compounds of the formula I-B, a preferred embodiment relates to compounds of the formula I-Ba defined below and its tautomers:

In formula I-Ba, A, B, D, m, J, X, Y, R, R^(a), R^(x1) and R^(y1) are each as defined above and in particular as defined above with preference.

In particular, J in formula I-Ba is CH₂—CH₂. The variable X in the formulae I-Aa and I-Aa′ is in particular N, and Y is in particular CH₂.

Among the compounds I-Ba, particular preference is given to those where D is a (CH₂)_(k) group or a C(O)(CH₂)_(l), where and l are each as defined above, where k is in particular 4, 5 or 6 and l is in particular 3, 4 or 5.

Among the compounds I-Ba, particular preference is given to those where R^(a) is an E-A group and in particular (CH₂)_(p)—Ar, where E, p and Ar are each as defined above, where, in particular, p=0 or 1.

When p=0, Ar is in particular as defined in connection with the NZ-A group. When p=1, Ar is in particular as defined in connection with the NZ-B group. Among the compounds I-Aa and I-Aa′, preference is further given to those where R^(a) is a nonaromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms. R^(a) is then in particular as defined for R^(aa) in the NZ-C group.

Among the compounds of the formula I where NZ is a group of formula NZ-D, preference is given in particular to the compounds of the formula I-Ab and the tautomers I-Ab′ defined below:

In the formulae I-Ab and I-Ab′, A, B, D, J′, Y′, R, R^(c), R^(e) and n are each as defined above and in particular as defined above with preference.

The variable n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, in particular 0 or 1 and especially 0. R^(d) are each independently C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁴, SO₂NR²R³, CONR²R³, COOR⁵, COR⁶, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆-alkynyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl or halogen, and is in particular selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen.

In particular, J′ in the formulae I-Ab and I-Ab′ is CH₂. Y′ is in particular CH₂.

Among the compounds I-Ab and I-Ab′, particular preference is given to those where D is a (CH₂)_(k) group or a C(O)(CH₂)_(l) group, where and l are each as defined above, where k is in particular 4, 5 or 6 and l is in particular 3, 4 or 5.

Among the compounds I-Ab and I-Ab′, particular preference is given to those where A is N—C(O), in which the carbon atom is bonded to the variable B.

Among the compounds I-Ab and I-Ab′, particular preference is given to those where B is CH₂.

Among the compounds of the formula I where NZ is a group of the formula NZ-D, preference is also given to the compounds of the formula I-Bb defined below and its tautomers:

In formula I-Bb, n, D, J′, Y′, R^(c), R^(e), R^(x1) and R^(y1) are each as defined above and in particular as defined above with preference.

The variable n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, in particular 0 or 1 and especially 0. R^(d) are each independently C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁴, SO₂NR²R³, CONR²R³, COOR⁵, COR⁶, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆-alkynyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl or halogen, and is in particular selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen.

In particular, J′ in formula I-Bb is CH₂. Y′ is in particular CH₂.

Among the compounds I-Bb, particular preference is given to those where D is a (CH₂)_(k) group or a C(O)(CH₂)_(l) group, where k and l are each as defined above, where k is in particular 4, 5 or 6 and l is in particular 3, 4 or 5.

In substituents OR¹, OR¹¹ and OR²¹, R¹, R¹¹ and R²¹ are frequently H, C₁-C₄-alkyl, CF₃, CHF₂ or phenyl. Especially preferably, OR¹, OR¹¹ and OR²¹ are each methoxy, trifluoromethoxy or phenoxy.

In substituents CONR²R³ (and analogously in CONR¹²R¹³ and CONR²²R²³), R² is preferably H or C₁-C₄-alkyl, and R³ is preferably H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or COR⁷. Especially preferably, CONR²R³, CONR¹²R¹³ and CONR²²R²³ are each CONH₂, CONHCH₃, CON(CH₃)₂ or CONHCOCH₃.

In substituents NR²R³ (and analogously in NR¹²R¹³ and NR²²R²³), R² is preferably H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or phenyl-substituted C₁-C₄-alkyl, and R³ is H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or COR⁷. Especially preferably, NR²R³, NR¹²R¹³ and NR²²R²³ are each NH₂, NHCH₃, N(CH₃)₂, NH-benzyl or NHCOCH₃.

In substituents SO₂NR²R³ (and analogously in SO₂NR¹²R¹³ and SO₂NR²²R²³), R² is preferably H or C₁-C₄-alkyl, and R³ is preferably H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or COR⁷. Especially preferably, SO₂NR²R³, SO₂NR¹²R¹³ and SO₂NR²²R²³ are each sulfamoyl.

When R², R³ in the substituents NR²R³, CONR²R³, SO₂NR²R³ (analogously in CONR¹²R¹³, CONR²²R²³, NR¹²R¹³, NR²²R²³, SO₂NR¹²R¹³ and SO₂NR²²R²³), together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, are a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated N-heterocycle, the NR²R³, NR¹²R¹³ and NR²²R²³ groups in these radicals are, for example, N-pyrrolidinyl, N-piperidinyl, morpholin-1-yl or 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl.

In substituents SR⁴, SR¹⁴ and SR²⁴, R⁴, R¹⁴ and R²⁴ are preferably each C₁-C₄-alkyl. Especially preferably, SR⁴ is thiomethyl.

In substituents SO₂R⁴, SO₂R¹⁴ and SO₂R²⁴, R⁴, R¹⁴ and R²⁴ are preferably each C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl or phenyl which optionally has a C₁-C₄-alkyl group as substituent. Especially preferably, SO₂R⁴, SO₂R¹⁴ and SO₂R²⁴ are each methylsulfonyl.

In substituents COOR⁵, COOR¹⁵ and COOR²⁵, R⁵, R¹⁵ and R²⁵ are frequently H or C₁-C₄-alkyl. Especially preferably, COOR⁵, COOR¹⁵ and COOR²⁵ are each C₁-C₄-alkoxycarbonyl, such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n-propoxycarbonyl, i-propoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl.

In substituents COR⁶ (analogously in COR¹⁶ and COR²⁶), R⁶ is preferably H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl. Especially preferably, COR⁶, COR¹⁶ and COR²⁶ are each formyl, acetyl or benzoyl.

In substituents O—COR⁶ (analogously in O—COR¹⁶ and O—COR²⁶), R⁶ is preferably H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl. Especially preferably, OCOR⁶, O—COR¹⁶ and O—COR²⁶ are each formyloxy, acetyloxy or benzoyloxy.

In substituents COR⁷ (analogously in COR¹⁷ and COR²⁷), R⁷ is preferably H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl. Especially preferably, COR⁷, COR¹⁷ and COR²⁷ are each formyl, acetyl or benzoyl.

In the NR⁸ group, R⁸ is preferably hydrogen or methyl.

In substituents COR⁹, R⁹ is preferably H, C₁-C₄-alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl. Especially preferably, COR⁹ is formyl, acetyl or benzoyl.

In the ═N—R^(z) group, R^(z) is preferably OH, C₁-C₄-alkyl or C₁-C₄-alkoxy.

With regard to the use of the inventive compounds as dopamine D₃ receptor ligands, particular preference is given to the compounds IA and IB and in particular to the compounds IAa and IBa.

Very particular preference is given to the compounds of the formula I-Aa.a, where the variables D, E and Ar are each as defined above, in particular as defined above with preference. Examples of such compounds are the compounds I-Aa.a.1 to I-Aa.a.708, in which the variables D, E and Ar together are each as defined in one line of Table A.

TABLE A (I-Aa.a)

D E R^(a) A-1 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-2 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-3 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidin-6-yl A-4 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyrimidin-6-yl A-5 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-6 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyrimidin-6-yl A-7 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-8 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-6-yl A-9 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-10 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyrimidin-6-yl A-11 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-12 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-13 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidin-6-yl A-14 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyrimidin-6-yl A-15 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-16 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyrimidin-6-yl A-17 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-18 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-6-yl A-19 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-20 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyrimidin-6-yl A-21 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-22 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-23 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidin-6-yl A-24 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyrimidin-6-yl A-25 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-26 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyrimidin-6-yl A-27 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-28 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-6-yl A-29 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-30 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyrimidin-6-yl A-31 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-32 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-33 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidin-6-yl A-34 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyrimidin-6-yl A-35 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-36 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyrimidin-6-yl A-37 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-38 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-6-yl A-39 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-40 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyrimidin-6-yl A-41 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-42 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-43 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidin-6-yl A-44 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyrimidin-6-yl A-45 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-46 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyrimidin-6-yl A-47 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-48 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-6-yl A-49 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-50 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyrimidin-6-yl A-51 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-52 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-53 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidin-6-yl A-54 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyrimidin-6-yl A-55 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-56 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyrimidin-6-yl A-57 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-58 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-6-yl A-59 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-60 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyrimidin-6-yl A-61 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-62 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-63 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidin-6-yl A-64 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyrimidin-6-yl A-65 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyrimidin-6-yl A-66 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyrimidin-6-yl A-67 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-68 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-6-yl A-69 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyrimidin-6-yl A-70 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyrimidin-6-yl A-71 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-72 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-73 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-74 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridin-6-yl A-75 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-76 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-77 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-78 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyridin-6-yl A-79 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-80 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-81 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-82 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-83 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-84 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridin-6-yl A-85 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-86 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-87 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-88 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyridin-6-yl A-89 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-90 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-91 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-92 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-93 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-94 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridin-6-yl A-95 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-96 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-97 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-98 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyridin-6-yl A-99 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-100 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-101 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-102 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-103 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-104 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridin-6-yl A-105 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-106 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-107 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-108 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyridin-6-yl A-109 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-110 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-111 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-112 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-113 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-114 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridin-6-yl A-115 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-116 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-117 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-118 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyridin-6-yl A-119 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-120 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-121 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-122 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-123 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-124 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridin-6-yl A-125 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-126 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-127 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-128 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyridin-6-yl A-129 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-130 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-131 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-132 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-133 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-134 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridin-6-yl A-135 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-136 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-137 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-138 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)pyridin-6-yl A-139 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-140 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-141 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-142 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-143 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenyltriazin-6-yl A-144 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methyltriazin-6-yl A-145 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethyltriazin-6-yl A-146 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propyltriazin-6-yl A-147 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropyltriazin-6-yl A-148 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)triazin-6-yl A-149 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropyltriazin-6-yl A-150 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutyltriazin-6-yl A-151 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-152 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-153 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenyltriazin-6-yl A-154 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methyltriazin-6-yl A-155 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethyltriazin-6-yl A-156 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propyltriazin-6-yl A-157 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropyltriazin-6-yl A-158 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)triazin-6-yl A-159 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropyltriazin-6-yl A-160 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutyltriazin-6-yl A-161 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-162 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-163 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenyltriazin-6-yl A-164 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methyltriazin-6-yl A-165 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethyltriazin-6-yl A-166 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propyltriazin-6-yl A-167 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropyltriazin-6-yl A-168 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)triazin-6-yl A-169 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropyltriazin-6-yl A-170 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutyltriazin-6-yl A-171 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-172 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-173 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenyltriazin-6-yl A-174 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methyltriazin-6-yl A-175 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethyltriazin-6-yl A-176 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propyltriazin-6-yl A-177 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropyltriazin-6-yl A-178 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)triazin-6-yl A-179 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropyltriazin-6-yl A-180 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutyltriazin-6-yl A-181 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-182 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-183 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenyltriazin-6-yl A-184 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-methyltriazin-6-yl A-185 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethyltriazin-6-yl A-186 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propyltriazin-6-yl A-187 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropyltriazin-6-yl A-188 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)triazin-6-yl A-189 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropyltriazin-6-yl A-190 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutyltriazin-6-yl A-191 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-192 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-193 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenyltriazin-6-yl A-194 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methyltriazin-6-yl A-195 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethyltriazin-6-yl A-196 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propyltriazin-6-yl A-197 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropyltriazin-6-yl A-198 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)triazin-6-yl A-199 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropyltriazin-6-yl A-200 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutyltriazin-6-yl A-201 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-trifluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-202 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-difluoromethyltriazin-6-yl A-203 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-phenyltriazin-6-yl A-204 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-methyltriazin-6-yl A-205 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-ethyltriazin-6-yl A-206 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-n-propyltriazin-6-yl A-207 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropyltriazin-6-yl A-208 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-bis(tert-butyl)triazin-6-yl A-209 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropyltriazin-6-yl A-210 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutyltriazin-6-yl A-211 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-212 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-213 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-214 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-215 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-216 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-217 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-218 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-219 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-220 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-221 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-222 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-223 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-224 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-225 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-226 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-227 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-228 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-229 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-230 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-231 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-232 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-233 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-234 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-235 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-236 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-237 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-238 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-239 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-240 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-241 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-242 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-243 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-244 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-245 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-246 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-247 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-tert-butyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-248 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-tert-butyl-2-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-249 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-tert-butyl-2-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-250 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-tert-butyl-2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-251 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-tert-butyl-2-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-252 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-tert-butyl-2-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-253 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-tert-butyl-2-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-254 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-255 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-256 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-257 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-258 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-259 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-260 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-261 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-262 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-263 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-264 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-265 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-266 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-difluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-267 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-phenylpyridin-6-yl A-268 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-269 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-ethylpyridin-6-yl A-270 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-n-propylpyridin-6-yl A-271 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-isopropylpyridin-6-yl A-272 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclopropylpyridin-6-yl A-273 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-tert-butyl-2-cyclobutylpyridin-6-yl A-274 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-275 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-difluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-276 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl A-277 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl A-278 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-ethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-279 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-n-propylpyrimidin-4-yl A-280 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-281 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,6-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-4-yl A-282 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-283 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-yl A-284 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-285 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-difluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-286 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl A-287 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl A-288 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-ethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-289 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-n-propylpyrimidin-4-yl A-290 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-291 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2,6-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-4-yl A-292 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-293 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-yl A-294 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-trifiuoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-295 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-difluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-296 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl A-297 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl A-298 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-ethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-299 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-n-propylpyrimidin-4-yl A-300 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-301 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2,6-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-4-yl A-302 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-303 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-yl A-304 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-305 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-difluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-306 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl A-307 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl A-308 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-ethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-309 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-n-propylpyrimidin-4-yl A-310 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-311 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-6-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-4-yl A-312 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-313 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-yl A-314 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-315 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-6-difluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-316 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl A-317 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl A-318 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-6-ethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-319 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-6-n-propylpyrimidin-4-yl A-320 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-321 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2,6-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-4-yl A-322 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-323 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-yl A-324 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-325 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-difluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-326 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl A-327 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl A-328 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-ethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-329 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-n-propylpyrimidin-4-yl A-330 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-331 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,6-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-4-yl A-332 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-333 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-yl A-334 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-335 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-difluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-336 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidin-4-yl A-337 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl A-338 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-ethylpyrimidin-4-yl A-339 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-n-propylpyrimidin-4-yl A-340 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-341 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,6-bis(tert-butyl)pyrimidin-4-yl A-342 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-yl A-343 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-tert-butyl-6-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-yl A-344 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-345 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-difluoromethylphenyl A-346 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-phenylphenyl A-347 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl A-348 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl A-349 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-n-propylphenyl A-350 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-isopropylphenyl A-351 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-bis(tert-butyl)phenyl A-352 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclopropylphenyl A-353 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclobutylphenyl A-354 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-355 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-difluoromethylphenyl A-356 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-phenylphenyl A-357 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl A-358 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl A-359 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-n-propylphenyl A-360 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-isopropylphenyl A-361 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-bis(tert-butyl)phenyl A-362 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclopropylphenyl A-363 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclobutylphenyl A-364 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-365 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-difluoromethylphenyl A-366 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-phenylphenyl A-367 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl A-368 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl A-369 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-n-propylphenyl A-370 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-isopropylphenyl A-371 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-bis(tert-butyl)phenyl A-372 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclopropylphenyl A-373 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclobutylphenyl A-374 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-375 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-difluoromethylphenyl A-376 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-phenylphenyl A-377 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl A-378 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl A-379 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-n-propylphenyl A-380 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-isopropylphenyl A-381 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-bis(tert-butyl)phenyl A-382 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclopropylphenyl A-383 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclobutylphenyl A-384 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 5-tert-butyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-385 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 5-tert-butyl-3-difluoromethylphenyl A-386 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 5-tert-butyl-3-phenylphenyl A-387 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl A-388 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl A-389 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-tert-butyl-5-n-propylphenyl A-390 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-tert-butyl-5-isopropylphenyl A-391 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-5-bis(tert-butyl)phenyl A-392 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclopropylphenyl A-393 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclobutylphenyl A-394 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-395 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-difluoromethylphenyl A-396 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-phenylphenyl A-397 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl A-398 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl A-399 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-n-propylphenyl A-400 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-isopropylphenyl A-401 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-bis(tert-butyl)phenyl A-402 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclopropylphenyl A-403 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclobutylphenyl A-404 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-405 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-difluoromethylphenyl A-406 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-tert-butyl-3-phenylphenyl A-407 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl A-408 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-ethylphenyl A-409 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-n-propylphenyl A-410 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-isopropylphenyl A-411 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-bis(tert-butyl)phenyl A-412 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclopropylphenyl A-413 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-tert-butyl-5-cyclobutylphenyl A-414 A-415 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methylphenyl A-416 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-fluorophenyl A-417 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,3-dimethylphenyl A-418 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methoxyphenyl A-419 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-chlorophenyl A-420 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-ethoxyphenyl A-421 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-422 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-dichlorophenyl A-423 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-424 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-425 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl A-426 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dimethylphenyl A-427 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-cyanophenyl A-428 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-429 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl A-430 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-431 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-2-yl A-432 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-6-yl A-433 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-434 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-435 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-436 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl A-437 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-trifluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-438 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl A-439 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-440 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-cyanopyridazin-3-yl A-441 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-nitrothiadiazol-2-yl A-442 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-methylthiadiazol-2-yl A-443 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-methylphenyl A-444 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-fluorophenyl A-445 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2,3-dimethylphenyl A-446 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-methoxyphenyl A-447 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-chlorophenyl A-448 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-ethoxyphenyl A-449 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-450 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2,4-dichlorophenyl A-451 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-452 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-453 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl A-454 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-dimethylphenyl A-455 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-cyanophenyl A-456 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-457 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl A-458 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-459 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-2-yl A-460 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-6-yl A-461 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-462 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-463 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-464 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl A-465 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-trifluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-466 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl A-467 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-468 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 2-cyanopyridazin-3-yl A-469 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 5-nitrothiadiazol-2-yl A-470 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ — 4-methylthiadiazol-2-yl A-471 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-methylphenyl A-472 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-fluorophenyl A-473 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2,3-dimethylphenyl A-474 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-methoxyphenyl A-475 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-chlorophenyl A-476 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-ethoxyphenyl A-477 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-478 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2,4-dichlorophenyl A-479 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-480 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-481 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl A-482 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-dimethylphenyl A-483 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-cyanophenyl A-484 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-485 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl A-486 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-487 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-2-yl A-488 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-6-yl A-489 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-490 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-491 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-492 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl A-493 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-trifluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-494 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl A-495 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-496 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 2-cyanopyridazin-3-yl A-497 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 5-nitrothiadiazol-2-yl A-498 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ — 4-methylthiadiazol-2-yl A-499 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methylphenyl A-500 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-fluorophenyl A-501 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,3-dimethylphenyl A-502 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methoxyphenyl A-503 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-chlorophenyl A-504 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-ethoxyphenyl A-505 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-506 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-dichlorophenyl A-507 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-508 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-509 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl A-510 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dimethylphenyl A-511 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-cyanophenyl A-512 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-513 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl A-514 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-515 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-2-yl A-516 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-6-yl A-517 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-518 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-519 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-520 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl A-521 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-trifluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-522 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl A-523 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-524 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-cyanopyridazin-3-yl A-525 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-nitrothiadiazol-2-yl A-526 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-methylthiadiazol-2-yl A-527 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-methylphenyl A-528 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-fluorophenyl A-529 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2,3-dimethylphenyl A-530 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-methoxyphenyl A-531 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-chlorophenyl A-532 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-ethoxyphenyl A-533 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-534 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2,4-dichlorophenyl A-535 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-536 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-537 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl A-538 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3,5-dimethylphenyl A-539 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-cyanophenyl A-540 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-541 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl A-542 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-543 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-cyanopyridin-2-yl A-544 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-cyanopyridin-6-yl A-545 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-546 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-547 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-548 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl A-549 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-trifluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-550 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl A-551 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-552 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 2-cyanopyridazin-3-yl A-553 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 5-nitrothiadiazol-2-yl A-554 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) — 4-methylthiadiazol-2-yl A-555 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methylphenyl A-556 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-fluorophenyl A-557 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,3-dimethylphenyl A-558 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methoxyphenyl A-559 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-chlorophenyl A-560 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-ethoxyphenyl A-561 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-562 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-dichlorophenyl A-563 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-564 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-565 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl A-566 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dimethylphenyl A-567 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-cyanophenyl A-568 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-569 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl A-570 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-571 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-2-yl A-572 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-6-yl A-573 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-574 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-575 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-576 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl A-577 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-trifluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-578 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl A-579 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-580 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-cyanopyridazin-3-yl A-581 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-nitrothiadiazol-2-yl A-582 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-methylthiadiazol-2-yl A-583 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methylphenyl A-584 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-fluorophenyl A-585 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,3-dimethylphenyl A-586 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methoxyphenyl A-587 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-chlorophenyl A-588 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-ethoxyphenyl A-589 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-590 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,4-dichlorophenyl A-591 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-592 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-593 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl A-594 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dimethylphenyl A-595 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-cyanophenyl A-596 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl A-597 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl A-598 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-methylpyridin-6-yl A-599 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-2-yl A-600 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-cyanopyridin-6-yl A-601 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-602 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-trifluoromethylpyridin-6-yl A-603 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl A-604 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl A-605 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-trifluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-606 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl A-607 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl A-608 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 2-cyanopyridazin-3-yl A-609 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 5-nitrothiadiazol-2-yl A-610 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ — 4-methylthiadiazol-2-yl A-611 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3,4-methylphenyl A-612 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-piperonyl A-613 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-bis(methoxy)phenyl A-614 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-615 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-cyanophenyl A-616 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 4-cyanophenyl A-617 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-pyridyl A-618 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-pyridyl A-619 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 4-pyridyl A-620 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-621 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-dimethylphenyl A-622 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl A-623 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-thienyl A-624 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CCH₃ phenyl A-625 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3,4-methylphenyl A-626 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3-piperonyl A-627 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-bis(methoxy)phenyl A-628 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-629 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3-cyanophenyl A-630 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 4-cyanophenyl A-631 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2-pyridyl A-632 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3-pyridyl A-633 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 4-pyridyl A-634 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-635 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-dimethylphenyl A-636 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl A-637 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2-thienyl A-638 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CCH₃ phenyl A-639 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3,4-methylphenyl A-640 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3-piperonyl A-641 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-bis(methoxy)phenyl A-642 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-643 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3-cyanophenyl A-644 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 4-cyanophenyl A-645 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2-pyridyl A-646 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 3-pyridyl A-647 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 4-pyridyl A-648 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-649 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-dimethylphenyl A-650 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl A-651 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂ 2-thienyl A-652 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CCH₃ phenyl A-653 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3,4-methylphenyl A-654 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-piperonyl A-655 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-bis(methoxy)phenyl A-656 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-657 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-cyanophenyl A-658 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 4-cyanophenyl A-659 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-pyridyl A-660 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-pyridyl A-661 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 4-pyridyl A-662 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-663 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-dimethylphenyl A-664 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl A-665 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-thienyl A-666 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CCH₃ phenyl A-667 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 3,4-methylphenyl A-668 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 3-piperonyl A-669 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 2,5-bis(methoxy)phenyl A-670 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-671 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 3-cyanophenyl A-672 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 4-cyanophenyl A-673 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 2-pyridyl A-674 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 3-pyridyl A-675 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 4-pyridyl A-676 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-677 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 2,5-dimethylphenyl A-678 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl A-679 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂ 2-thienyl A-680 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CCH₃ phenyl A-681 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3,4-methylphenyl A-682 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-piperonyl A-683 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-bis(methoxy)phenyl A-684 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-685 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-cyanophenyl A-686 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 4-cyanophenyl A-687 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-pyridyl A-688 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-pyridyl A-689 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 4-pyridyl A-690 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-691 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-dimethylphenyl A-692 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl A-693 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-thienyl A-694 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CCH₃ phenyl A-695 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3,4-methylphenyl A-696 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-piperonyl A-697 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-bis(methoxy)phenyl A-698 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3,5-dichlorophenyl A-699 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-cyanophenyl A-700 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 4-cyanophenyl A-701 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-pyridyl A-702 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 3-pyridyl A-703 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 4-pyridyl A-704 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,3-dichlorophenyl A-705 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2,5-dimethylphenyl A-706 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-methylnaphthalen-1-yl A-707 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂ 2-thienyl A-708 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CCH₃ phenyl

Particular preference is further given to the compounds of the formula I-Aa.b where the variables D, E and Ar are each as defined above, in particular as defined above with preference. Examples of such compounds are the compounds I-Aa.b.1 to I-Aa.b.708 in which the variables D, E and Ar together are each as defined in one line of Table A.

Particular preference is further given to the compounds of the formula I-Ba.a where the variables D, E and Ar are each as defined above, in particular as defined above with preference. Examples of such compounds are the compounds I-Ba.a.1 to I-Ba.a.708, in which the variables D, E and Ar together are each as defined in one line of Table A.

Particular preference is further given to the compounds of the formula I-Aa.c where the variables D, E and Ar are each as defined above, in particular as defined above with preference. Examples of such compounds are the compounds I-Aa.c.1 to I-Aa.c.708, in which the variables D, E and Ar together are each as defined in one line of Table A.

Preference is further given to the compounds of the formulae I-Aa.d and I-Aa.e where the variables D, E and Ar are each as defined above, in particular as defined above with preference. Examples of such compounds are the compounds I-Aa.d.1 to I-Aa.d.708 and the compounds I-Aa.e.1 to I-Aa.e.708 in which the variables D, E and Ar in each case together are as defined in one line of Table A.

Preference is further given to the compounds of the formulae I-Aa.f, I-Aa.g, I-Aa.h, I-Aa.i, I-Aa.k and I-Ba.b, where the variables D and R^(aa) are each as defined above, in particular as defined above with preference. Examples of such compounds are the compounds I-Aa.f.1 to I-Aa.f.98, I-Aa.g.1 to I-Aa.g.98, I-Aa.h.1 to I-Aa.h.98, I-Aa.i.1 to I-Aa.i.98, I-Aa.k.1 to I-Aa.k.98 and the compounds I-Ba.b.1 to I-Ba.b.98, in which the variables D and R^(aa) in each case together are as defined in one line of Table B.

TABLE B (I-Aa.f)

(I-Aa.g)

(I-Aa.h)

(I-Aa.i)

(I-Aa.k)

(I-Ba.b)

D R^(aa) B-1 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂-cyclohexyl B-2 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂—CH═CH₂ B-3 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-4 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ acetyl B-5 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl B-6 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ cyclopentyl B-7 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ cyclohexyl B-8 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ piperazin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-9 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ cyclopropylcarbonyl B-10 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylcarbonyl B-11 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylmethyl B-12 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ methyl B-13 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ ethyl B-14 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ n-propyl B-15 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂-cyclohexyl B-16 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂—CH═CH₂ B-17 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-18 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ acetyl B-19 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ CH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl B-20 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ cyclopentyl B-21 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ cyclohexyl B-22 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ piperazin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-23 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ cyclopropylcarbonyl B-24 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylcarbonyl B-25 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylmethyl B-26 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ methyl B-27 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ ethyl B-28 trans-CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂ n-propyl B-29 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂-cyclohexyl B-30 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂—CH═CH₂ B-31 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-32 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ acetyl B-33 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ CH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl B-34 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ cyclopentyl B-35 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ cyclohexyl B-36 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ piperazin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-37 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ cyclopropylcarbonyl B-38 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylcarbonyl B-39 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylmethyl B-40 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ methyl B-41 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ ethyl B-42 trans-CH₂—C(CH₃)═CH—CH₂ n-propyl B-43 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂-cyclohexyl B-44 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂—CH═CH₂ B-45 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-46 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ acetyl B-47 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl B-48 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ cyclopentyl B-49 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ cyclohexyl B-50 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ piperazin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-51 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ cyclopropylcarbonyl B-52 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylcarbonyl B-53 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylmethyl B-54 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ methyl B-55 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ ethyl B-56 CH₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—CH₂ n-propyl B-57 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂-cyclohexyl B-58 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂—CH═CH₂ B-59 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-60 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) acetyl B-61 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) CH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl B-62 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) cyclopentyl B-63 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) cyclohexyl B-64 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) piperazin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-65 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) cyclopropylcarbonyl B-66 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) oxolan-2-ylcarbonyl B-67 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) oxolan-2-ylmethyl B-68 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) methyl B-69 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) ethyl B-70 CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH(CH₃) n-propyl B-71 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂-cyclohexyl B-72 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂—CH═CH₂ B-73 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-74 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ acetyl B-75 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl B-76 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ cyclopentyl B-77 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ cyclohexyl B-78 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ piperazin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-79 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ cyclopropylcarbonyl B-80 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylcarbonyl B-81 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylmethyl B-82 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ methyl B-83 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ ethyl B-84 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ n-propyl B-85 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂-cyclohexyl B-86 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂—CH═CH₂ B-87 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-88 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ acetyl B-89 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ CH₂CH₂-cyclohexyl B-90 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ cyclopentyl B-91 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ cyclohexyl B-92 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ piperazin-1-ylcarbonylmethyl B-93 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ cyclopropylcarbonyl B-94 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylcarbonyl B-95 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ oxolan-2-ylmethyl B-96 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ methyl B-97 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ ethyl B-98 C(O)—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂—CH₂ n-propyl

The inventive compounds I can be prepared in analogy to the prior art cited at the outset and by known processes for preparing keto lactams. An important route to the inventive compounds is shown in scheme 1.

In scheme 1, A, B, D, R^(x), R^(y) and NZ are each as defined above. L₁ and L₂ are each nucleophilically displaceable leaving groups. Examples of suitable nucleophilically displaceable leaving groups are halogen, in particular chlorine, bromine or iodine, alkyl- and arylsulfonate such as mesylate, tosylate. L₁ and L₂ are preferably different from one another and have different reactivity. For example, L₁ is bromine or iodine and L₂ is chlorine. The reaction conditions required for the reaction correspond to the reaction conditions customary for nucleophilic substitutions. When D is a C(O)alkylene group, L₁ is in particular halogen and especially chlorine.

Compounds of the general formula IV are either known from the literature, for example from WO 96/02519, WO 97/25324, WO 99/02503, WO 00/42036, DE 10304870.7 or the literature cited in these documents, or can be prepared by the processes described there.

The compounds of the formula II are likewise known and some are commercially available or can be prepared in analogy to known processes, as described, for example, in: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, p. 2172-2178; J. Chem. Soc. 1959, p. 3111; J. Chem. Soc. 1934, p. 1326; Heterocycles 1977, 8, p. 345-350; Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 5855; Arch. Pharm. 1991, 324, 579; J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 633; J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 1878; J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, p. 2849, Monatsh. Chem. 1965, 96, 418, Synlett 2002, 8, p. 1350, Tetrahedron Lett, 1993, 34, p. 5855 and J. Photochem. 28 (1985) p. 69-70.

Some of the inventive compounds can also be prepared by the synthesis shown in scheme 2:

In scheme 2, A, B, R^(x), R^(y) and NZ are each as defined above. D is C₂-C₃-alkylene or a CO—C₂-C₁₀-alkylene group where CO is bonded to L₁. L₁ is a nucleophilically displaceable leaving group. For example, L₁ is chlorine, bromine or iodine when D is alkylene. The reaction conditions required for the reaction correspond to the reaction conditions customary for nucleophilic substitutions. When D is a C(O)alkylene group, L₁ is in particular halogen and especially chlorine.

Compounds of the general formula V are likewise known from the literature, for example from WO 96/02519, WO 97/25324, WO 99/02503, WO 00/42036, DE 10304870.7, or from the literature cited in these documents, or can be prepared by the processes described there, for example by reacting a compound of the formula IV shown in scheme 1 with a compound L₁-D-L₂ where L and D are each as defined in scheme 1.

Compounds of the formula I where

may also be prepared by reducing compounds of the formula I where

Suitable reducing agents include, for example, aluminum hydrides such as lithium aluminum hydride. Suitable methods for this purpose are known from the prior art, for example from J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, p. 2849 and can be used analogously for this reaction.

The tautomers I′ can be prepared analogously to the preparation of the compound I described here. For example, the tautomers I′ can be prepared by the synthesis route shown in scheme 1. The compounds I′ where R is alkoxy or an OC(O)R⁹ group can also be prepared from the compounds I by reacting with a suitable alkylating agent or a suitable acylating agent of the formula X′—C(O)R⁹ where X′ is halogen and in particular chlorine, optionally in the presence of an auxiliary base, for example by the methods described in Chem. Commun. 1998, p. 2621 or J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, p. 41-43. The compound I can also be converted to its tautomers I′ where R=halogen by treating them with a suitable halogenating agent such as PCl₃ or POCl₃.

Unless stated otherwise, the above-described reactions are generally effected in a solvent at temperatures between room temperature and the boiling point of the solvent used. Usable solvents are, for example, ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethoxyethane, toluene, xylene, acetonitrile, ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, or alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or butanol.

If desired, it is possible to work in the presence of a base for neutralization of protons released in the reactions. Suitable bases include inorganic bases such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate or potassium hydrogencarbonate, and also alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride, organometallic compounds such as butyllithium or alkylmagnesium compounds, or organic nitrogen bases such as triethylamine or pyridine. The latter can simultaneously also serve as solvents.

The crude product is isolated in a customary manner, for example by filtration, distilling off the solvent or extraction from the reaction mixture, etc. The resulting compounds can be purified in a customary manner, for example by recrystallization from a solvent, chromatography or by conversion to an acid addition salt.

The acid addition salts are typically prepared by mixing the free base with the corresponding acid, optionally in a solution in an organic solvent, for example a low molecular weight alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or propanol, an ether such as methyl tertbutyl ether, diisopropyl ether, a ketone such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, or an ester such as ethyl acetate.

The inventive compounds of the formula I are generally highly selective dopamine D₃ receptor ligands which, because of their low affinity for other receptors such as D₁ receptors, D₄ receptors, α1- and/or α2-adrenergic receptors, muscarinergic receptors, histaminic receptors, opiate receptors and, in particular, for dopamine D₂ receptors, have fewer side effects than classical neuroleptics which comprise D₂ receptor antagonists.

The high affinity of the inventive compounds for D₃ receptors is reflected in very low in vitro K_(i) values of ordinarily less than 100 nM (nmol/l) and especially of less than 50 nM. Binding affinities for D₃ receptors can, for example, be determined via the displacement of [¹²⁵I]-iodosulpride in receptor-binding studies.

Of particular significance in accordance with the invention are compounds whose K_(i)(D₂)/K_(i)(D₃) selectivity is preferably at least 10, even better at least 30 and particularly advantageously at least 50. Receptor-binding studies on D₁, D₂ and D₄ receptors can be carried out for example via the displacement of [³H]SCH23390, [¹²⁵I]iodosulpride and [¹²⁵I]spiperone.

The compounds can, because of their binding profile, be used for the treatment of conditions which respond to dopamine D₃ ligands, i.e. they are effective for the treatment of those disorders or conditions where an influencing (modulation) of dopamine D₃ receptors leads to an improvement in the clinical condition or to cure of the disease. Examples of such conditions are disorders or conditions of the central nervous system.

Disorders or conditions of the central nervous system mean disorders affecting the spinal cord and, in particular, the brain. The term “disorder” in the inventive sense refers to abnormalities which are usually regarded as pathological states or functions and may reveal themselves in the form of particular signs, symptoms and/or dysfunctions. The inventive treatment may be directed at individual disorders, i.e. abnormalities or pathological states, but it is also possible for a plurality of abnormalities, which are causally connected together where appropriate, to be combined into patterns, i.e. syndromes, which can be treated in accordance with the invention.

The disorders which can be treated in accordance with the invention include in particular psychiatric and neurological disorders. These comprise in particular organic disorders, symptomatic disorders included, such as psychoses of the acute exogenous reaction type or associated psychoses with an organic or exogenous cause, e.g. associated with metabolic disorders, infections and endocrinopathies; endogenous psychoses such as schizophrenia and schizotypal and delusional disorders; affective disorders such as depressions, mania and manic/depressive states; and combined forms of the disorders described above; neurotic and somatoform disorders, and disorders associated with stress; dissociative disorders, e.g. deficits, clouding and splitting of consciousness and personality disorders; disorders of attention and waking/sleeping behavior, such as behavioral disorders and emotional disorders starting in childhood and adolescence, e.g. hyperactivity in children, intellectual deficits, especially attention deficit disorders, disorders of memory and cognition, e.g. learning and memory impairment (impaired cognitive function), dementia, narcolepsy and sleeping disorders, e.g. restless legs syndrome; developmental disorders; anxiety states; delirium; disorders of the sex life, e.g. male impotence; eating disorders, e.g. anorexia or bulimia; addiction; and other undefined psychiatric disorders.

The disorders which can be treated in accordance with the invention also include parkinsonism and epilepsy and, in particular, the affective disorders associated therewith. Addictive disorders include the psychological disorders and behavioral disorders caused by the abuse of psychotropic substances such as pharmaceuticals or drugs, and other addictive disorders such as, for example, compulsive gambling and impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified. Examples of addictive substances are: opioids (e.g. morphine, heroin, codeine); cocaine; nicotine; alcohol; substances which interact with the GABA chloride channel complex, sedatives, hypnotics or tranquilizers, for example benzodiazepines; LSD; cannabinoids; psychomotor stimulants such as 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (Ecstasy); amphetamine and amphetamine-like substances such as methylphenidate or other stimulants, including caffeine. Addictive substances requiring particular attention are opioids, cocaine, amphetamine or amphetamine-like substances, nicotine and alcohol.

With regard to the treatment of addictive disorders, the inventive compounds of the formula I which are particularly preferred are those which themselves have no psychotropic effect. This can also be observed in a test on rats which reduce the self-administration of psychotropic substances, for example cocaine, after administration of compounds which can be used in accordance with the invention.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the inventive compounds are suitable for the treatment of disorders whose causes can at least in part be attributed to an abnormal activity of dopamine D₃ receptors.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the treatment is directed in particular at those disorders which can be influenced by a binding of, preferably exogenously added, binding partners (ligands) to dopamine D₃ receptors in the sense of an appropriate medical treatment.

The conditions which can be treated with the inventive compounds are frequently characterized by a progressive development, i.e. the states described above change over the course of time, the severity usually increasing and, where appropriate, states possibly interchanging or other states being added to previously existing states.

The inventive compounds can be used to treat a large number of signs, symptoms and/or dysfunctions associated with the disorders of the central nervous system and in particular the aforementioned states. These include for example a distorted relation to reality, lack of insight and the ability to comply with the usual social norms and demands of life, changes in behavior, changes in individual urges such as hunger, sleep, thirst etc. and in mood, disorders of memory and association, personality changes, especially emotional lability, hallucinations, ego disturbances, incoherence of thought, ambivalence, autism, depersonalization or hallucinations, delusional ideas, staccato speech, absence of associated movement, small-step gait, bent posture of trunk and limbs, tremor, mask-like face, monotonous speech, depression, apathy, deficient spontaneity and irresolution, reduced associationability, anxiety, nervous agitation, stammering, social phobia, panic disorders, withdrawal syndromes associated with dependence, expansive syndromes, states of agitation and confusion, dysphoria, dyskinetic syndromes and tic disorders, e.g. Huntington's chorea, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, vertigo syndromes, e.g. peripheral postural, rotational and vestibular vertigo, melancholia, hysteria, hypochondria and the like. A treatment in the inventive sense includes not only the treatment of acute or chronic signs, symptoms and/or dysfunctions but also a preventive treatment (prophylaxis), in particular as recurrence or episode prophylaxis. The treatment may be symptomatic, for example directed at suppression of symptoms. It may take place short-term, be directed at the medium term or may also be a long-term treatment, for example as part of maintenance therapy.

The inventive compounds are preferably suitable for the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system, especially for the treatment of affective disorders; neurotic disorders, stress disorders and somatoform disorders and psychoses and specifically for the treatment of schizophrenia and depression. Owing to their high selectivity in relation to the D₃ receptor, the inventive compounds I are also for the treatment of renal function disorders, especially of renal function disorders caused by diabetes mellitus (see WO 00/67847).

The inventive use of the described compounds comprises a method within the scope of the treatment. This entails the individual to be treated, preferably a mammal, in particular a human or agricultural or domestic animal, being given an effective amount of one or more compounds, usually formulated in accordance with pharmaceutical and veterinary practice. Whether such a treatment is indicated, and the form it is to take, depends on the individual case and is subject to a medical assessment (diagnosis) which takes account of the signs, symptoms and/or dysfunctions present, the risks of developing certain signs, symptoms and/or dysfunctions, and other factors.

The treatment usually takes place by administration once or more than once a day, where appropriate together or alternately with other active ingredients or active ingredient-containing products, so that an individual to be treated is given a daily dose preferably of about 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg of body weight on oral administration or of about 0.1 to 100 mg/kg of body weight on parenteral administration.

The invention also relates to the production of pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of an individual, preferably a mammal, in particular a human or agricultural or domestic animal. Thus, the ligands are usually administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient with at least one ligand of the invention and, where appropriate, further active ingredients. These compositions can be administered for example by the oral, rectal, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular or intranasal route.

Examples of suitable pharmaceutical formulations are solid pharmaceutical forms such as oral powders, dusting powders, granules, tablets, especially film-coated tablets, pastilles, sachets, cachets, sugar-coated tablets, capsules such as hard and soft gelatin capsules, suppositories or vaginal pharmaceutical forms, semisolid pharmaceutical forms such as ointments, creams, hydrogels, pastes or patches, and liquid pharmaceutical forms such as solutions, emulsions, especially oil-in-water emulsions, suspensions, for example lotions, preparations for injection and infusion, eye drops and ear drops. Implanted delivery devices can also be used to administer inhibitors of the invention. A further possibility is also to use liposomes or microspheres.

The compositions are produced by mixing or diluting inhibitors of the invention usually with an excipient. Excipients may be solid, semisolid or liquid materials which serve as vehicle, carrier or medium for the active ingredient.

Suitable excipients are listed in the relevant pharmaceutical monographs. The formulations may additionally comprise pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or conventional excipients such as lubricants; wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preservatives; antioxidants; antiirritants; chelating agents; tablet-coating aids; emulsion stabilizers; film formers; gel formers; odor-masking agents; masking flavors; resins; hydrocolloids; solvents; solubilizers; neutralizers; permeation promoters; pigments; quaternary ammonium compounds; refatting and superfatting agents; ointment, cream or oil bases; silicone derivatives; spreading aids; stabilizers; sterilants; suppository bases; tablet excipients, such as binders, fillers, lubricants, disintegrants or coatings; propellants; desiccants; opacifiers; thickeners; waxes; plasticizers; white oils. An arrangement concerning this is based on expert knowledge as set forth for example in Fiedler, H. P., Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie, Kosmetik und angrenzende Gebiete [Dictionary of Excipients for Pharmacy, Cosmetics and Associated Fields], 4th edition, Aulendorf: ECV-Editio-Cantor-Verlag, 1996.

The following examples serve to illustrate the invention without limiting it.

The nuclear magnetic resonance spectral properties (NMR) relate to chemical shifts (δ) expressed in parts per million (ppm). The relative area for the shifts in the ¹H NMR spectrum corresponds to the number of hydrogen atoms for a particular functional type in the molecule. The nature of the shift in terms of multiplicity is indicated as singlet (s), broad singlet (s. br.), doublet (d), broad doublet (d br.), triplet (t), broad triplet (t br.), quartet (q), quintet (quint.), multiplet (m).

A) PREPARATION EXAMPLES Example 1 2-(3-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}propyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepine-1,5(2H)-dione

3,4-Dihydro-1H-2-benzazepine-1,5(2H)-dione (2.85 mmol, 0.50 g; prepared according to Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 5855) in dimethylformamide (5 ml) was added at 10° C. to a suspension of sodium hydride (3.40 mmol, 0.13 g, 60%, deoiled) in dimethylformamide (10 ml), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Subsequently, 2-tert-butyl-4-[4-(3-chloropropyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (3.00 mmol, 1.09 g; prepared according to WO 99/02503) in dimethylformamide (5 ml) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred further at room temperature for 12 h. The oil remaining after the evaporative concentration was taken up in a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and water, extracted and washed with a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluent: 95:5 v/v dichloromethane:methanol).

The second fraction obtained was the title compound, 2-(3-{4-[2-tert-butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}propyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepine-1,5(2H)-dione, in a yield of 20 mg.

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=526.2, 505.2, [M+H⁺]=504.2, 252.6;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.90 (1H, d), 7.68-7.54 (3H, m), 6.57 (1H, s), 3.77-3.65 (8H, m), 2.99 (2H, m sym.), 2.53 (4H, t), 2.47 (2H, t), 1.89 (2H, quint.), 1.33 (9H, s).

Example 2 1-(3-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}propyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to Example 1, 30.0 mg of the title compound were obtained from 3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (2.85 mmol, 0.50 g; preparation according to Arch. Pharm. 1991, 324, 579).

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.59-7.53 (2H, m), 7.33-7.24 (2H, m), 6.53 (1H, s), 3.96 (2H, s br.), 3.59 (4H, s br.), 3.02-2.92 (2H, m), 2.81 (2H, t), 2.36 (4H, t), 2.28 (2H, t), 1.73 (2H, quint.), 1.32 (9H, s).

Example 3 1-(4-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}butyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione a) 1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the procedure described in Example 1, reaction of 3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (11.42 mmol, 2.00 g) and bromo-4-chlorobutane (13.7 mmol, 2.35 g) afforded 1.78 g of the title compound, contaminated with reactants to an extent of 30%. The mixture thus obtained was reacted without further purification.

b) 1-(4-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}butyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (3.29 mmol, 1.75 g, 70%), 2-tert-butyl-4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (3.56 mmol, 1.03 g; preparation according to WO 99/02503) and triethylamine (13.17 mmol, 1.33 g) in dimethylformamide (100 ml) were stirred at 100° C. for 12 h. Afterward, ethyl acetate was added and the mixture was washed twice with water. The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The oily residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluent: 95:5 v/v dichloromethane:methanol); yield 0.42 g.

ESI-MS: 519.2, [M+H⁺]=518.2, 259.6;

¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.57-7.52 (2H, m), 7.29 (1H, t), 7.25 (1H, d+CHCl₃), 6.57 (1H, s), 3.92 (2H, s br.), 3.63 (4H, s br.), 3.01-2.95 (2H, m), 2.80 (2H, t), 2.41 (4H, t), 2.28 (2H, t), 1.53 (2H, quint.), 1.42 (2H, quint.), 1.34 (9H, s).

Example 4 1-((2E)-4-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}but-2-enyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to Example 1, 0.78 g of the title compound was obtained from 3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (4.42 mmol, 0.78 g; preparation according to Arch. Pharm. 1991, 324, 579) and 2-tert-butyl-4-{4-[(2E)-4-chlorobut-2-en-1-yl]piperazin-1-yl}-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (4.64 mmol, 1.75 g, preparation according to WO 99/02503).

ESI-MS: 517.3, [M+H⁺]=516.3, 258.6;

¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.53 (1H, d), 7.48 (1H, t), 7.27-7.21 (m+CHCl₃), 6.56 (1H, s), 5.60 (2H, m sym.), 4.45 (2H, m), 3.64 (4H, s br.), 3.02-2.94 (4H, m), 2.84 (2H, t), 2.35 (4H, t), 1.35 (9H, s).

Example 5 2-(4-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}butyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepine-1,5(2H)-dione a) 2-(4-Chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepine-1,5(2H)-dione

Analogously to Example 3a, 1.04 g of the title compound contaminated with reactant to an extent of 50% were obtained from 3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepine-1,5(2H)-dione and bromo-4-chlorobutane (13.7 mmol, 2.35 g). The substance was reacted without further purification.

b) 2-(4-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}butyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepine-1,5(2H)-dione

The preparation was analogous to Example 3b. 0.15 g of the title compound was obtained from 2-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepine-1,5(2H-dione (1.88 mmol, 1.00 g).

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=540.3, 519.3, [M+H⁺]=518.3, 259.6.

Example 6 1-(4-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}butyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione a) 1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to Example 1, reaction of 7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (1.70 mmol, 0.40 g, preparation according to Arch. Pharm. 1991, 324, 579) and bromo-4-chlorobutane (2.04 mmol, 0.35 g) afforded 0.20 g of the contaminated title compound. The compound is reacted further without purification.

b) 1-(4-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}butyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Reaction of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-7,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (0.49 mmol, 0.20 g) analogously to Example 3b afforded 0.12 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: 579.2, [M+H⁺]=578.3;

¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.09 (1H, s), 6.68 (1H, s), 6.56 (1H, s), 3.94 (3H, s), 3.92 (3H, s), 3.65 (4H, s br.), 2.97-2.92 (2H, m), 2.79 (2H, m br.), 2.40 (4H, t), 2.29 (2H, t), 1.49 (2H, quint.), 1.41 (2H, quint.), 1.31 (9H, s).

Example 7 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-propylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione hydrochloride

Analogously to Example 3b, reaction of 2-tert-butyl-4-piperazin-1-yl-6-propylpyrimidine (2.68 mmol, 0.70 g) with 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione affords the free base of the title compounds. Subsequent reaction of the free base with HCl afforded 0.39 g of the title compound as the hydrochloride.

ESI-MS: 493.5, [M+H⁺]=492.5, 246.7;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.56-7.49 (3H, m), 7.31-7.18 (2H+CHCl₃, m), 6.10 (1H, s), 3.92 (2H, t br.), 3.58 (4H, s br.), 3.02-2.94 (2H, m), 2.81 (2H, t), 2.53 (2H, t), 2.40 (4H, s br.), 2.28 (2H, t), 1.72 (1H, q), 1.51 (2H, quint.), 1.43 (2H, quint.), 1.33 (9H, s), 0.92 (1H, t).

Example 8 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-cyclobutylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione hydrochloride

Analogously to Example 3b, reaction of 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclobutyl-6-piperazin-1-ylpyrimidine (1.97 mmol, 0.54 g) with 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione afforded 0.39 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=504.5, 252.9.

Example 9 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione hydrochloride

Analogously to Example 3b, reaction of 2-tert-butyl-4-methyl-6-piperazin-1-ylpyrimidine (1.97 mmol, 0.46 g) with 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione afforded 0.31 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=464.4, 232.6.

Example 10 1-{4-[4-(2,6-Di-tert-butylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione hydrochloride

Analogously to Example 3b, reaction of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-piperazin-1-ylpyrimidine (1.26 mmol, 0.35 g) with 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione afforded 0.04 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=506.4, 233.8

Example 11 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-4-yl) piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to Example 3b, reaction of 2-tert-butyl-4-isopropyl-6-piperazin-1-ylpyrimidine (0.95 mmol, 0.25 g) with 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione afforded 0.04 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=492.5, 246.7.

Example 12 1-(5-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}pentanoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one a) 1-(5-Chloropentanoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one

5-Chlorovaleryl chloride (18.61 mmol, 2.89 g) in dimethylformamide (20 ml) was added dropwise at 10° to a suspension of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one (12.41 mmol, 2.00 g, preparation according to J. Org. Chem 1972, 37, 2849) and potassium carbonate (14.89 mmol, 2.06 g) in dimethylformamide (40 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred first at 10° C. for 1 h and then under reflux for 3 h. The precipitated salts were filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. CH₂Cl₂ was added to the oil obtained in this way and the mixture was washed three times with 50 ml each time of a 5% aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, neutralized with 0.1N HCl (20 ml) and then washed three times with a saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure; yield 3.90 g (80% pure).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=280.1;

b) 1-(5-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}pentanoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one

1-(5-Chloropentanoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one from Example 12a (1.43 mmol, 0.50 g), 2-tert-butyl-4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (1.43 mmol, 0.41 g, preparation according to DE 19735410), NaBr (7.14 mmol, 0.74 g), DIPEA (diisopropylethylamine) (14.01 mmol, 1.81 g) and N-methylpyrrolidinone (0.6 ml) were heated to 120° C. for 5 h. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was filtered and the resulting filtrate was concentrated to dryness. Afterward, ethyl acetate was added to the resulting residue and it was washed with saturated, aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic phase was dried and then concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel, eluent: methyl tert-butyl ether/methanol (0-100%); to obtain 0.31 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=532.7, 267.0.

Example 13 1-{5-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-propylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]pentanoyl}-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one hydrochloride

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, 0.40 g of the title compound was obtained from 1-(5-chloropentanoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one (1.61 mmol, 0.50 g) and 2-tert-butyl-4-piperazin-1-yl-6-propylpyrimidine (1.61 mmol, 0.42 g, preparation according to DE 19735410).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=506.4, 253.6.

Example 14 1-(4-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}butanoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one a) 1-(4-Chlorobutyryl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-5-one

Analogously to the method for Example 12a, 0.24 g of 1-(4-chlorobutyryl)-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydrobenzo[b]azepin-5-one was obtained from 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one (1.24 mmol, 0.20 g, preparation according to J. Org. Chem 1972, 37, 2849) and 4-chlorobutyryl chloride (1.86 mmol, 0.27 g) in dioxane (10 ml).

b) 1-(4-{4-[2-tert-Butyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}butanoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5H-1-benzazepin-5-one

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, 0.40 g of the title compound was obtained from 1-(4-chlorobutyryl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-5-one (0.45 mmol, 0.12 g) from Example 14a and 2-tert-butyl-4-piperazin-1-yl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (0.45 mmol, 0.12, prepared according to DE 19735410).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=518.3, 259.6.

Example 15 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-propylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyryl}-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-5-one

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, 85.0 mg of the title compound are obtained from 1-(4-chlorobutyryl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-5-one from Example 14a (0.45 mmol, 0.12 g) and 2-tert-butyl-4-piperazin-1-yl-6-propylpyrimidine (0.45 mmol, 0.12 g, prepared according to DE 19735410).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=492.4, 246.7.

Example 16 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-cyclopropylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, 45.0 mg of the title compound are obtained from 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione from Example 3a (0.38 mmol, 0.10 g) and 2-tert-butyl-4-cyclopropyl-6-piperazin-1-ylpyrimidine (0.40 mmol, 0.05 g; prepared according to DE 19728996).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=490.4, 245.7.

Example 17 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-1H-quinoline-2,4-dione trifluoracetate a) 1-(4-Chlorobutyl)-4-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one

Analogously to the procedure described in Example I, reaction of 4-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one (24.82 mmol, 4.00 g, prepared according to Monatsh. Chem. 1965, 96, 418) and bromo-4-chlorobutane (29.78 mmol, 5.11 g) afforded 6.70 g of the title compound which is contaminated with reactant. The mixture thus obtained was used in the next step without further purification.

b) 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-1H-quinoline-2,4-dione

Analogously to the method from Example 3b, 3.20 g of the title compound were obtained from 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-4-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one from Example 17a (4.00 g).

ESI-MS: [M+Na+]=526.5, 505.5, [M+H+]=504.5, 454.5, 252.7;

1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 11.75 (1H, s br.), 7.85 (1H, d), 7.42 (t, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (2H+CHCl3, m), 6.66 (1H, s.), 5.98 (1H, s), 4.18 (2H, m sym.), 3.29 (2H, m sym.), 2.21 (2H, quint.), 2.04 (2H, quint.), 1.33 (9H, s).

Example 18 1-[4-(7-Propionyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione a) 2-(Trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline

Trifluoroacetic anhydride (2.13 mol, 452.0 g) was initially charged in dichloromethane (452 ml) at 10-15° C. A solution of tetrahydroisoquinoline (1.94 mol, 268.3 g) in dichloromethane (90 ml) was added thereto at this temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred further at room temperature overnight and then hydrolyzed with ice-water (813 g). After stirring for 1 h, the phases were separated. The organic phase was washed successively with water (813 ml), with semiconcentrated NaHCO₃ solution (550 ml) and again with water (500 ml). Subsequently, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 446 g of crude product which was used in the subsequent reaction.

b) 1-[2-(Trifluoroacetyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl]propan-1-one

Aluminum trichloride (0.78 mol, 103.7 g) was suspended in dichloromethane (93 ml) at 10-15° C. Subsequently, the trifluoroacetyltetrahydroisoquinoline from step a) (2.13 mol, 452.0 g) and propionyl chloride (0.47 mol, 43.2 g) were added successively with cooling at this temperature. Subsequently, the mixture was heated to reflux (heating bath temperature 60° C.; reflux about 43° C.) and the heating bath temperature was retained for 5 h. In the course of this, the internal temperature rose slowly from 43° C. to 51° C. The mixture was then cooled to 5-10° C. and then diluted with 70 ml of dichloromethane. The reaction solution was subsequently introduced rapidly with ice bath cooling into a mixture of 1000 g of ice and 500 ml of methyl tert-butyl ether. After 30 min, the phases were separated and the organic phase was washed successively with 500 ml of water, with 500 ml of semiconcentrated NaHCO₃ solution and again with 300 ml of water. The organic phase was subsequently concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 89.9 g of a mixture of the title compound with its 6-isomer (7-isomer:6-isomer isomeric ratio: about 75:25 (by means of ¹³C NMR)) which was used in the next stage.

c) 7-Propionyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline(hydrochloride)

The product from step b) (0.39 mol, 111.0 g) was dissolved in n-propanol (744 ml) and hydrochloric acid (32%, 3.5 mol, 400 g) was added thereto. Subsequently, the mixture was heated to reflux for 5 h. Afterward, a further 300 ml of n-propanol were added and water was distilled off in an azeotrope with n-propanol. A total of 890 ml of distillate were distilled off. In the course of this, the hydrochloride of the propionylisoquinoline precipitated out; another 1500 ml of n-propanol were added and distilled off again. Subsequently, 1200 ml of methyl tert-butyl ether were added, and the mixture was cooled to 5° C. and stirred for 30 min. The resulting solid was filtered off and dried at 40-50° C. under reduced pressure. In this way, 82.9 g of a mixture of 6- and 7-propionyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline were obtained as the hydrochloride with an isomer ratio of 7-isomer:6-isomer of about 80:20 (determined by means of ¹³C NMR).

d) 1-[4-(7-Propionyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 0.37 g of the title compound was obtained from 7-propionyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinium hydrochloride (3.00 mmol, 0.68 g).

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=441.4, 420.4, [M+H⁺]=419.4.

Example 19 1-[4-(6-Chloro-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3H-3-benzazepin-3-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to Example 3b, reaction of 6-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepinium-(2E)-3-carboxyacrylate (0.95 mmol, 0.28 g, preparation according to J. Med. Chem. 1990, 33, 633) with 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione afforded 13.0 mg of the title compound.

ESI-MS: 414.2, 413.1, [M+H⁺]=411.2.

Example 20 2-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)butyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile trifluoroacetate

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, reaction of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (0.94 mmol, 0.15 g, preparation according to J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 1878) with 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione afforded 26.5 mg of the title compound.

ESI-MS: 389.2, [M+H⁺]=388.1.

Example 21 1-[4-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione hydrochloride

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 0.02 g of the title compound was obtained from 1-methylpiperazine (1.23 mmol, 0.12 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=330.2.

Example 22 1-[4-(4-Ethylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 0.01 g of the title compound was obtained from 1-ethylpiperazine (1.26 mmol, 0.14 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=344.3.

Example 23 1-[4-(4-Isobutylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione hydrochloride

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 0.13 g of the title compound was obtained from 1-isobutylpiperazine (0.97 mmol, 0.14 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=372.4, 186.8;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.58-7.51 (2H, m), 7.32-7.23 (m, 2H+CHCl₃), 3.87 (2H, t), 2.97 (2H, m), 2.78 (2H, t), 2.40 (s br.), 2.25 (2H, t), 2.06 (2H, d), 1.75 (1H, sept.), 1.50 (2H, quint.).

Example 24 1-[4-(2,4,6-Trimethylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 0.08 g of the title compound was obtained from 1,3,5-trimethylpiperazine (0.97 mmol, 0.12 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=358.3, 179.1, 157.1, 129.1.

Example 25 1-[4-(4-Propylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, 0.10 g of the title compound was obtained from 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (0.50 mmol, 0.13 g) and 1-propylpiperazine dihydrobromide (0.47 mmol, 0.14 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=358.3;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.58-7.50 (2H, m), 7.33-7.21 (2H+CHCl₃, m), 3.87 (t, 2H), 2.95 (2H, t), 2.79 (2H, t), 2.41 (8H, s br.), 2.27 (2H, quart.), 1.49 (2H, quint.), 1.39 (2H, quint.), 0.89 (3H, t).

Example 26 1-[4-((R)-3-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, 0.07 g of the title compound was obtained from 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (0.56 mmol, 0.15 g) and (R)-(−)-2-methylpiperazine (0.54 mmol, 0.05 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=330.1.

Example 27 1-[4-(4-Ethyl-(R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

30.0 mg of the title compound were obtained by reductive amination by the method specified by A. Magid et al. in Tetrahedron Lett. 31 (1990), p. 5595 from 1-[4-((R)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione from Example 26 (0.18 mmol, 60.0 mg) and acetaldehyde (0.18 mmol, 8.0 mg).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=358.3;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.60-7.46 (2H, m), 7.35-7.14 (2H+CHCl3, m), 3.87 (t, 2H), 2.97 (2H, t), 2.92-2.74 (4H, m), 2.71 (1H, d), 2.61 (1H, d), 2.50-2.03 (6H, m incl. 2.22 (2H, t)), 1.84 (1H, s br.), 1.50 (2H, quint.), 1.38 (2H, quint.), 1.14-0.91 (6H, m).

Example 28 1-[4-((S)-3-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, reaction of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (0.56 mmol, 0.15 g) with (S)-(+)-2-methylpiperazine (0.54 mmol, 0.05 g) afforded 40.0 mg of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=330.2.

Example 29 1-[4-(4-Ethyl-(S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method from Example 27, reductive amination afforded 10.0 mg of the title compound from 1-[4-((S)-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione from Example 28 (0.12 mmol, 40.0 mg) and acetaldehyde (0.12 mmol, 5.0 mg).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=358.3.

Example 30 1-[4-(4-Ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxobutyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione a) Methyl 4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butanoate

Analogously to the method for Example 1, 100 mg of the title compound were obtained from 3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione (5.71, 1.00 g, prepared according to Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 5855) and methyl 4-iodobutanoate (5.71 mmol, 1.37 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=276.15;

b) 4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butanoic acid

Methyl 4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butanoate from step a (100 mg, 0.36 mmol) in water/methanol (0.7:2.0 ml) was treated with NaOH (1N, 0.80 ml) to obtain 63.0 mg of 4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butanoic acid.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=262.0;

c) 1-[4-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxobutyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

On the basis of the method described by M. K. Dhaon et al. in J. Org. Chem. 47 (1982) p. 1962, reaction of 4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butanoic acid (0.06 g) from step b and 1-ethylpiperazine (0.25 mmol, 0.03 g) in the presence of EDC.HCl (N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride) (0.36 mmol, 0.07 g), Et₃N (0.48 mmol, 0.05 g) in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) afforded 10.0 mg of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=358.3.

The preparation of the compounds of Examples 31-60 was based on the above-described methods.

Example 31 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-isopropylpiperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=358.2.

Example 32 4-sec-Butyl-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=372.3.

Example 33 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(1-methylbutyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=386.1.

Example 34 4-Butyl-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=372.1.

Example 35 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(1-ethylpropyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=386.1.

Example 36 4-Cyclopentyl-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=384.4.

Example 37 4-Cyclohexyl-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=398.5.

Example 38 4-(3-Cyclohexylpropyl)-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=440.4, 238.9, 211.0.

Example 39 4-Cyclohexylmethyl-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=412.4, 279.0, 183.0.

Example 40 4-(2-Cyclohexylethyl)-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=426.4, 307.1, 197.0.

Example 41 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=422.4, [M+H⁺]=400.4, 170.9.

Example 42 4-Benzyl-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=406.3.

Example 43 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(2-pyrrol-1-yl-ethyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=409.2.

Example 44 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(2-imidazol-1-ylethyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=432.0, [M+H⁺]=410.0, 342.0, 113.0.

Example 45 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(2-thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=426.4.

Example 46 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(2-methoxyethyl)-piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=374.2.

Example 47 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(3-methoxypropyl)-piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=388.1.

Example 48 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(2-ethoxyethyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=410.0, [M+H⁺]=388.2.

Example 49 4-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)-butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=387.1, 341.9.

Example 50 4-(3-Cyanopropyl)-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=405.0, [M+H⁺]=383.1, 153.9.

Example 51 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=449.0, [M+H⁺]=427.1, 197.9.

Example 52 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=465.0, [M+H⁺]=443.2.

Example 53 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(2-oxo-2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=463.1, [M+H⁺]=441.3.

Example 54 4-Cyclopropanecarbonyl-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)-butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=405.9, [M+H⁺]=384.2, 127.9.

Example 55 4-Acetyl-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=358.0.

Example 56 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=436.1, [M+H⁺]=414.2, 315.9.

Example 57 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-(furan-2-carbonyl)-piperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=410.2.

Example 58 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-ethanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+Na⁺]=430.0, [M+H⁺]=408.0.

Example 59 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-methyl[1,4]diazepan-1-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=344.0.

Example 60 1-[4-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 0.08 g of the title compound was obtained from 1-allylpiperazinediium dichloride (0.97 mmol, 0.19 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=356.3, 178.6;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.53 (2H, t), 7.39-7.18 (m, 2H+CHCl₃), 5.85 (1H, sext.), 5.15 (2H, t), 3.87 (2H, t), 2.98 (4H, m), 2.79 (2H, t), 2.42 (6H, s br.), 2.27 (2H, t), 1.50 (2H, quint.), 1.39 (2H, quint.).

Example 61 tert-Butyl 4-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazine-1-carboxylate

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 3.44 g of the title compound were obtained from tert-butyl piperazine-N-carboxylate (10.01 mmol, 1.86 g)

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=416.2;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.53 (2H, t), 7.37-7.20 (m, 2H+CHCl₃), 3.88 (2H, t), 3.37 (4H, t), 2.96 (2H, t), 2.80 (2H, t), 2.36-2.16 (6H, m), 1.57-1.32 (13H, m incl. 1.47, s, 9H).

Example 62 1-(4-Piperazin-1-ylbutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

tert-Butyl 4-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazine-1-carboxylate from Example 61 (8.28 mmol, 3.44 g) in diethyl ether (40 ml) was admixed with saturated ethereal HCl (30 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The reaction mixture was then filtered and the resulting residue was washed with diethyl ether to obtain 0.93 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=316.1, 158.6;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.52 (2H, t), 7.29-7.18 (m, 2H+CHCl₃), 3.91 (2H, t), 2.91 (2H, m), 2.78 (4H, t), 2.73 (2H, t), 2.26 (4H, s br.), 2.17 (2H, t), 1.73 (1H, s br.), 1.46 (2H, quint.), 1.35 (2H, quint.).

Example 63 1-{4-[(1S,4S)-5-Methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 0.01 g of the title compound was obtained from (1S,4S)-5-methyl-5-aza-2-azoniabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane trifluoroacetate (0.56 mmol, 0.21 g).

ESI-MS: 343.2, [M+H⁺]=342.2, 171.6.

Example 64 1-[4-(Hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-2(1H)-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, reaction of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (0.40 mmol, 0.11 g) and octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine (0.40 mmol, 0.05 g) afforded 0.05 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: 357.2, [M+H⁺]=356.3, 178.6.

Example 65 Benzyl (1R,5R)-6-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)butyl]-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, 0.22 g of the title compound were obtained from benzyl (1R,5R)-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate (1.43 mmol, 0.33 g, prepared according to WO 01/81347).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=462.3.

Example 66 1-{4-[(1R,5R)-3,6-Diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

In the presence of Pd/C (0.01 g, 10%), benzyl (1R,5R)-6-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)butyl]-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate from Example 65 (0.45 mmol, 0.21 g) in methanol (7 ml) was reacted with hydrogen to obtain 0.10 g of the title compound.

Example 67 Benzyl (1S,5S)-6-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)butyl]-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate

Analogously to Example 3b, 0.21 g of the title compound was obtained from benzyl (1S,5S)-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate (1.42 mmol, 0.33 g, prepared according to WO 0/181347).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=462.3.

Example 68 1-{4-[(1S,5S)-3,6-Diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

On the basis of the method for Example 66, hydrogenation of benzyl (1S,5S)-6-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)butyl]-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate from Example 67 (0.46 mmol, 0.21 g) afforded 0.12 g of the title compound.

Example 69 1-{4-[(1S,5S)-3-Ethyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method in Example 27, reductive amination of 1-{4-[(1S,5S)-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione from Example 68 (0.21 mmol, 0.07 g) and acetaldehyde (0.21 mmol, 9 mg) afforded 0.01 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=356.3.

Example 70 1-{4-[(1R,5R)-3-Methyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method from Example 27, reductive amination of 1-{4-[(1R,5R)-(3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione from Example 66 (0.27 mmol, 0.09 g) and formaldehyde (0.30 mmol, 25.0 mg, 37% solution) afforded 0.02 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+K⁺]=380.1, [M+H⁺]=342.3.

Example 71 tert-Butyl 5-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-(3S, 6S)-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylate

Analogously to the method from Example 12b, reaction of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (1.14 mmol, 0.30 g) and tert-butyl (3S,6S)-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylate (1.08 mmol, 0.23 g; prepared according to WO 01/81347) afforded 0.25 g of the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=442.4;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.63-7.50 (2H, m), 7.36-7.17 (2H+CHCl₃, m), 3.89 (t, 2H), 3.50 (2H, s br.), 3.15 (2H, s br.), 2.95 (2H, m sym.), 2.87-2.69 (4H, m), 2.60 (2H, s br.), 2.41-2.19 (4H, m), 1.77-1.22 (13H, m incl. 1.45 (9H, s)).

Example 72 1-[4-((3S,6S)-Hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

The reaction of tert-butyl 5-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-(3S,6S)-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2-carboxylate from Example 71 (0.54 mmol, 02.4 g) with trifluoroacetic acid (2.69 ml) gave 0.17 g of the title compound.

Example 73 1-[4-((3S,6S)-5-Methylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method in Example 27, reductive amination of 1-[4-((3S,6S)-hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione from Example 72 (0.24 mmol, 82.0 mg) and formaldehyde (0.26 mmol, 21.4 mg, 37% solution) afforded 10.0 mg of the title compound.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.61-7.47 (2H, m), 7.39-7.17 (2H+CHCl₃, m), 3.88 (t, 2H), 2.96 (2H, t), 2.80 (4H, t), 2.47-2.17 (7H, m), 1.91-1.14 (10H, m).

Example 74 1-[4-(Octahydropyrido[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl)butyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to the method for Example 12b, 65.0 mg of the title compound were obtained from 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (0.75 mmol, 0.20 g) and decahydropyrido[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine (0.75 mmol, 0.12 g; prepared according to Pol. J. Chem. 1985, 59, 1243-6).

ESI-MS: [M+K⁺]=422.2, [M+H⁺]=384.2.

Example 75 1-{4-[(1S,5R,6S)-6-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-3-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione hydrochloride

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 0.25 g of the title compound was obtained from (1S,5R,6S)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane (1.97 mmol, 0.38 g, prepared according to WO 00/23423).

¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 7.58-7.48 (2H, m), 7.32-7.22 (m+CHCl₃), 7.22-7.12 (2H, m), 6.98 (2H, t), 3.92 (2H, m br.), 3.16 (1H, m br.), 3.06-2.93 (2H, m), 2.93-2.65 (6H, m; incl. t at 2.88), 2.45 (2H, t), 2.16 (2H, t), 2.09-1.92 (2H, m), 1.61 m+H₂O), 1.49 (2H, quint.).

Example 76 1-(4-Piperidin-1-ylbutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione hydrochloride

Analogously to the method for Example 3b, 0.02 g of the title compound was obtained from piperidine (1.24 mmol, 0.11 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=315.2.

In an analogous manner, the compounds of Examples 77 to 82 were prepared.

Example 77 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-methylpiperidinium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=329.0.

Example 78 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]azepanium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=329.0.

Example 79 1-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-3-methylpiperidinium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=329.0.

Example 80 1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]-4-propylpiperidinium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=357.1.

Example 81 4-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]morpholin-4-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=317.0.

Example 82 4-[4-(2,5-Dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]thiomorpholin-4-ium trifluoroacetate

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=333.0.

Example 83 1-{4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione

Analogously to Example 3b, reaction of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione with 1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazine afforded the title compound.

ESI-MS: 462.4, [M+H⁺]=461.4, 460.4;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ (ppm): 7.62 (1H, t), 7.51-7.45 (2H, m), 7.34 (1H, t), 7.28 (2H, m), 7.18-7.05 (1H, m), 3.88 (2H, t), 2.91 (6H, m), 2.66 (2H, m), 2.39 (4H, s br.), 2.19 (2H, t), 1.36 (2H, quint.), 1.26 (2H, quint.).

Example 84 4-(2,4-Dichlorobenzyl)-1-[4-(2,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]azepin-1-yl)butyl]piperazinium as the fumarate

Analogously to Example 3b, reaction of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione with 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)piperazine afforded the title compound.

ESI-MS: 476.1, [M+H⁺]=475.1, 474.1, 237.6;

Example 85 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}azepane-2,5-dione a) 1-(4-Chlorobutyl)azepane-2,5-dione

Analogously to Example 3a, 0.17 g of the contaminated title compound was obtained from azepane-2,5-dione (2.36 mmol, 0.30 g, preparation according to J. Photochem. 28 (1985), 569-570) and bromo-4-chlorobutane (2.83 mmol, 0.49 g). The compound is reacted further without purification.

b) 1-{4-[4-(2-tert-Butyl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}azepane-2,5-dione

Analogously to Example 3b, 0.04 g of the title compound was obtained from 2-tert-butyl-4-piperazin-1-yl-6-trifluoromethylpyrimidine (0.59 mmol, 0.17 g) and 1-(4-chlorobutyl)azepane-2,5-dione (0.62 mmol, 0.17 g).

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=470.2, 235.6;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 6.57 (1H, s), 3.71 (4H, s br.), 3.60-3.46 (4H, m), 2.73-2.57 (6H, m), 2.49 (4H, s br.), 2.41 (2H, s br.), 1.33 (9H, s).

Example 86 1-{4-[4-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)-2,5-piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione fumarate

In analogy to Example 3b, reaction of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione with 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)piperazine afforded the title compound.

ESI-MS: 462.5, [M+H⁺]=461.5, 460.5;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ (ppm): 7.62 (1H, t), 7.47 (2H, t), 7.35 (1H, t), 6.90 (2H, s), 6.85 (1H, s), 3.88 (2H, m), 3.15 (4H, m), 2.92 (2H, t), 2.67 (2H, t), 2.36 (4H, m), 2.20 (2H, t), 1.35 (2H, quint.), 1.28 (2H, quint.).

Example 87 1-{4-[4-(3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione fumarate

In analogy to Example 3b, reaction of 1-(4-chlorobutyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]azepine-2,5-dione with 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazine afforded the title compound.

ESI-MS: [M+H⁺]=528.55;

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ (ppm): 7.64 (1H, t), 7.54-7.41 (4H, m), 7.34 (1H, t), 7.27 (1H, s), 3.88 (2H, m), 3.30 (4H, m br,), 2.91 (2H, t), 2.65 (2H, t), 2.40 (4H, s br,), 2.23 (2H, t), 1.36 (2H, quint.), 1.30 (2H, quint.),

B) EXAMPLES OF PHARMACEUTICAL ADMINISTRATION FORMS

Tablets:

Tablets of the following composition are compressed in a tablet press in a conventional way:

-   -   40 mg of substance of example 2     -   120 mg of corn starch     -   13.5 mg of gelatin     -   45 mg of lactose     -   2.25 mg of Aerosil® (chemically pure silica in         submicroscopically fine distribution)     -   6.75 mg of potato starch (as 6% strength paste)

Sugar-Coated Tablets:

-   -   20 mg of substance of example 2     -   60 mg of core composition     -   70 mg of sugar-coating composition

The core composition consists of 9 parts of corn starch, 3 parts of lactose and 1 part of vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate 60:40 copolymer. The sugar-coating composition consists of 5 parts of sucrose, 2 parts of corn starch, 2 parts of calcium carbonate and 1 part of talc. The sugar-coated tablets produced in this way are subsequently provided with an enteric coating.

C) BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS—RECEPTOR BINDING STUDIES

The substance to be tested was dissolved either in methanol/Chremophor® (BASF-AG) or in dimethyl sulfoxide and then diluted with water to the desired concentration.

I. Dopamine D₃ Receptor:

The mixture (0.250 ml) was composed of membranes from ˜10 HEK-293 cells with stably expressed human dopamine D₃ receptors, 0.1 nM [¹²⁵I]-iodosulpride and incubation buffer (total binding) or with additional test substance (inhibition plot) or 1 μM spiperone (nonspecific binding). Triplicate mixtures were carried out.

The incubation buffer comprised 50 mM Tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl₂, 2 mM MgCl₂ and 0.1% bovine serum albumin, 10 μM quinolone, 0.1% ascorbic acid (prepared fresh each day). The buffer was adjusted to pH 7.4 with HCl.

II. Dopamine D_(2L) Receptor:

The mixture (1 ml) was composed of membranes from ˜10⁶ HEK-293 cells with stably expressed human dopamine D_(2L) receptors (long isoform) and 0.01 nM [¹²⁵I]-iodospiperone and incubation buffer (total binding) or with additional test substance (inhibition plot) or 1 μM haloperidol (nonspecific binding). Triplicate mixtures were carried out.

The incubation buffer comprised 50 mM Tris, 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl₂, 2 mM MgCl₂ and 0.1% bovine serum albumin. The buffer was adjusted to pH 7.4 with HCl.

III. Measurement and Evaluation:

After incubation at 25° C. for 60 minutes, the mixtures were filtered under vacuum through Whatman GF/B glass fiber filters using a cell harvester. The filters were transferred by a filter transfer system into scintillation vials. After addition of 4 ml of Ultima Gold® (Packard), the samples were shaken for one hour and then the radioactivity was counted in a beta counter (Packard, Tricarb 2000 or 2200CA). The cp values were converted into dpm by means of a standard quench series with the aid of the instrument's own program.

Evaluation of the inhibition plots took place by iterative nonlinear regression analysis using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) similar to the “LIGAND” program described by Munson and Rodbard.

In these assays, the inventive compounds show very good affinities for the D₃ receptor (<100 nM, frequently <50 nM) and bind selectively to the D₃ receptor.

The results of the binding assays are indicated in table 1.

TABLE 1 Example K_(i) (D₃) [nM] Selectivity vs. D₂L* 3 0.83 296 4 1.74 155 6 4.50 104 7 1.33 118 10 1.24 74 16 0.96 62 86 2.0 56 87 7.4 129 *K_(i)(D₂L)/K_(i)(D₃) 

1. A compound of the formula I

where

is a group of the formulae

where D is bonded to the nitrogen atom and where W is O, S or an N—R^(z) group where R^(z) is selected from optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyloxy and optionally substituted phenyl and * denotes the bonding sites; —B— is

where R^(m) and R^(n) are each independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyloxy and optionally substituted phenyl, or, when the nitrogen in the A group is bonded to B, may also be a carbonyl group, and * denotes the bonding sites;

 represents a single bond or a double bond; R^(v), R^(w) are each independently hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl-C₁-C₄-alkyloxy or C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl; or R^(x), R^(y) together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, form a fused phenyl ring where the fused phenyl ring may have 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected from optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁴, SO₂NR²R³, CONR²R³, COOR⁵, COR⁶, C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆-alkynyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyloxy and halogen; where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are each independently H, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, where R³ may also be a COR⁷ group where R⁷ is hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₄-alkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, where R² with R³ may also together form a 5- or 6-membered, saturated or unsaturated carbocycle which may have a heteroatom selected from O, S and NR⁸ as a ring member, where R⁸ is hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl, D is a linear or branched 2- to 10-membered alkylene chain which may have, as chain members, a heteroatom group K which is selected from O, S, S(O), S(O)₂, N—R⁸, CO—O, C(O)NR⁸, and/or 1 or 2 nonadjacent carbonyl groups and which may include a cycloalkanediyl group and/or may have a double or triple bond;

is a saturated or monounsaturated, monocyclic nitrogen heterocycle having from 5 to 8 ring members or a bicyclic saturated nitrogen heterocycle having from 7 to 12 ring members, where the mono- and the bicyclic nitrogen heterocycle optionally has, as a ring member, a further heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, where the mono- or bicyclic nitrogen heterocycle bears an R^(a) radical, where R^(a) is an E-Ar group wherein E is a bond or linear or branched alkylene having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and in particular (CH₂)_(p) where p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and Ar is selected from phenyl, naphthyl and 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl which has one, two or three heteroatoms selected from S, O and N as ring members and which may optionally have 1, 2 or 3 substituents R^(b) which are each independently selected from C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl and C₆-C₁₀-tricycloalkyl, where the last three groups may optionally be substituted by halogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl, halogen, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁵, CONR²R³, SO₂NR²R³, COOR⁵, COR⁶, O—COR⁶, 5- or 6-membered saturated, partly unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclyl having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, and phenyl, where phenyl and heterocyclyl in the last two substituents R^(b) may optionally bear one or two substituents which are each independently selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen, and where 2 substituents R^(b) bonded to adjacent carbon atoms of the aromatic radical may together be C₃- or C₁-alkylene, or, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, may be a fused-on, unsaturated 5- or 6-membered carbocycle or a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle where the term “optionally substituted phenyl” in the definition of R^(z), R^(m), R^(n), R^(v), R^(w), R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl which has 1, 2 or 3, of the following substituents: halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, OR²¹, COOR²¹, NR²²R²³, SO₂NR²²R²³, CONR²²R²³, O—CONR²²R²³, S—R²⁴, SOR²⁵, SO₂R²⁵, OCOR²⁶ and COR²⁶, where R²¹ to R²⁶ are hydrogen, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl, benzyl or phenyl; where the term “optionally substituted alkyl” in the definition of R^(z), R^(m), R^(n), R^(v), R^(w), R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶ and R⁷ is alkyl which may have 1, 2 or 3 substituents which are selected from OH, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, halogen, C₃-C₇-cycloalkyl and optionally substituted phenyl; the physiologically acceptable acid addition salts of this compound and the tautomer of the formula I′

where R is halogen, an O—R¹ group where R¹ is as defined above, or an O—C(O)R⁹ group where R⁹ is hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, benzyl or phenyl, where the last two radicals are optionally substituted by one or two radicals which are each independently selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, OH, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl or halogen, and the physiologically acceptable acid addition salts of the tautomer I′.
 2. A compound as claimed in claim 1, where D in the formulae I and I′ is a (CH₂)_(k) group or a C(O)(CH₂)l group, where k is 3, 4, 5 or 6 and l is 2, 3, 4 or
 5. 3. A compound as claimed in claim 1, where A is N—C(O) in which the carbon atom is bonded to the variable B.
 4. A compound as claimed in claim 3, where B is CH₂.
 5. A compound of the formula I or I′ as claimed in claim 1, where is a radical of the formula where

is a radical of the formula

where R^(a) is as defined above, and J is CH₂, CH₂—CH₂ or CH₂—CH₂—CH₂; X is CH or N and Y is CH₂, CH₂—CH₂ or CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, or Y—X together is CH═C or CH₂—CH═C; R^(e) is hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl.
 6. A compound as claimed in claim 5, where J is CH₂—CH₂ and Y is CH₂.
 7. A compound as claimed in claim 5, where X is N.
 8. A compound as claimed in claim 1, where E is a bond.
 9. A compound as claimed in claim 8, where Ar is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl or s-triazinyl, each of which has 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned Rb radicals.
 10. A compound of the formula I-Aa

where R^(a), A, B and D are each as defined in claim 1; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; R^(d) are each independently C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy-C₁-C₄-alkyl, CN, OR¹, NR²R³, NO₂, SR⁴, SO₂R⁴, SO₂NR²R³, CONR²R³, COOR⁵, COR⁶, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkoxy, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyloxy, C₂-C₆-alkynyloxy, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl or halogen, where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ and R⁶ are each as defined in claim 1; J is CH₂, CH₂—CH₂ or CH₂—CH₂—CH₂; X is CH or N and Y is CH₂, CH₂—CH₂ or CH₂—CH₂—CH₂, or Y—X together is CH═C or CH₂—CH═C; the physiologically acceptable acid addition salts of this compound and the tautomer of the formula I-A′a

where R is as defined in claim 1 and the physiologically acceptable acid addition salts of the tautomer Ia′.
 11. A compound as claimed in claim 10, where J is CH₂—CH₂ and Y is CH₂.
 12. A compound as claimed in claim 10, where X is N.
 13. A compound as claimed in claim 10 where E is a bond.
 14. A compound as claimed in claim 13, where Ar is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl or s-triazinyl, each of which has 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned R^(b) radicals.
 15. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one active ingredient which is selected from compounds of the formula I, the tautom-ers of the formula I′, the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts of the com-pounds I and the physiologically tolerated acid addition salts of the tautomers of the formula I′ as claimed in claim 1, optionally together with physiologically ac-ceptable carriers and/or excipients.
 16. The compound according to claim 10, wherein J is CH₂—CH₂; X is N Y is CH₂; and wherein R^(a) is a radical E-Ar, wherein E is a bond and Ar is selected from phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl and s-triazinyl, each of which has 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned R^(b) radicals.
 17. The compound according to claim 16, wherein R^(a) is a radical Ar-1

wherein D¹ and D² are N and D³ is CH and wherein R^(f) and R^(g) are each independently selected from the following groups: OR¹, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl which is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, halogen or phenyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₀-tricycloalkyl, where the last three groups may optionally be substituted by halogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl, halogen, CN, OR¹, 5- or 6-membered het-erocyclyl having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, and phenyl, where phenyl and heterocyclyl optionally bear one or two substituents which are each independently selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen.
 18. The compound according to claim 10, which is of the formula I-Aa

wherein E is a bond and Ar is selected from phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl and s-triazinyl, each of which has 1, 2 or 3 of the aforementioned R^(b) radicals.
 19. The compound according to claim 17, wherein Ar is a radical A-1

wherein D¹ and D² are N and D³ is CH and wherein R^(f) and R^(g) are each independently selected from the following groups: OR¹, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₆-alkyl which is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, halogen or phenyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₄-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₀-tricycloalkyl, where the last three groups may optionally be substituted by halogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl, halogen, CN, OR¹, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl having 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N, and phenyl, where phenyl and heterocyclyl optionally bear one or two substituents which are each independently selected from C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, NR²R³, CN, C₁-C₂-fluoroalkyl and halogen. 